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Ĳ޵ϲһƬɽԭɽԭֲïܡʱֵʢģ
ֲﶼ׳״̬Ұ࿪ţּϪˮ
ɽԭһɽɽʣΧ˸
֧ӿ¸һֻ޴İ˽֩ſڴϣΪ
ɽɽϵɭһɹɵġƷƵİɫ


ǰɫʱȴûͬɫϺɫɫɫ
ɫɫɫɫɫЩֺţ
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СʱȫƤëȥɽ¹ʯᾣһɽ·ɽ


ʯľӳ£ȴһССĶڲСⶴֻ
˲ͨŽգѿ˸֩廨ƣ
мȴһ޴ͷԵضֲϷֿ
׭ǣ˿

ͻȻһϸĽŲС·ϴʱֻ
һλĻŮӳС

ֻһϮɫİ͸ɴ멣һ˶İ˽
֩룬Χ˿߱ɵ硣Ȼ멺ܴ󣬳ף
ΪŮһСܣķⱡĴ면ø߸߹ʹŮ
δҲһࣺϸỬĸ첲ϱ۴Žʵαۻ

һڣŰڶԿҸҲֱһ׹⻬һ˿ë

һֽ߬һͷʹ֮ȫȥʮָ޳ָױ
ù࣬ĩ˼ĺ޵צͿɫָ͡ǰΧһ
ɫĹأסųԲζţӲ濴ȥ
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𣬶СС͹㣬ǡôģԵޱң˺޲
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һȦС괮ɵ״գشС֮ϡ

Сƽ̹⻬ûһ˿׸⣬С΢΢͹Գߣ
ȻԸֲӲ

һöĻԲ׺СģԳ״ɫ΢⣬
·˿һ۾ͻᱻȥһ㣬ڳЦж߽ŷǷ
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ȼȫ¶ڿУǷѩ׵ֱҫ۶Ŀ

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ԲƣŵӤʵѼ΢졣ӣСûôɫȴһ
ˮˣСɵıӼĶȴԲԲġ

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һü·Բһɰ

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Ůδ֪ԳΡ̬ߣףδֱ֪ǣ
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ȴ߾ˡΪ̵һ

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Ů۰׹ǺͨƿһȻͼ
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Ůߵǰ֩ͼϵںһſˣŮ˽ȥ

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ڲװεøûʣԺɫɫΪŸֻİ衣

ǽǴȴһѶúͰ׹ǣ԰׹ɵƷ
һյãͷƴɵĹɫĹ⣬һж븻û
װԵø롣ڱ߰һ˶Բⴲȥͬʱ˯
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ӣжʮƽ˵ɫˮ֪Ĵڴ
ҳԵ￪ƶժȡĸΡѪ˳ˮ
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콫½籣

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ȥ˵˵ģʲôͣ£Ҫ¸顣

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㣬Ҷ˵˲Ҫ϶϶ĽУ˼ŮӣŶװ

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ˣȤҲվɴԡȥžһ
ˮУ¶һرɫ壺ȥҪһ
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Ͻתǰϸۿ塣ֻߴʼԳƵ
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ΪԽߣԽǿȻҲ͸ųɳ䳤Ů֩뾫
ΪߵģƵȻҲࡣֳûȥ
ԼҶУҲûҪȥˡ

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һΪĲ˫һ̾

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Ŷõķ̡ܿȫɾˣ˿صĵ
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۾һϲģƽǽ˵ƫСã
ʵҾôǶܺã

ߺߣ˵˾乫Ů΢΢һЦԵޱȣС
СΪǳȻҪչһЩⲻ쾭ʵ
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ǰǰˣþͲˣ

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𡣶ŮһЦѪ©״ȫСȥĶ
ССѪϸգˮҲܿɫ͸״

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Сúġ㴩ϣŮһǰһҲ߳˶š



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֡ü˸ָԭŵĵͻȻȫ
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ð׹Ƴɵʮּܣȴ֪ʲôõġ֩뾫ڸ̨֮Ц
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ڼĴŷǳᱡ⣺ͷ֩ͷΣһ졣
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ס޵ü治˿ҡͰ˵İ졣Ʒ
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˿ϰһ֮ǷʴָԵŪ


Ŷʦ硭ҡҡšӢԣڶĿӵǺ
ʧȥ˷־Ŀһѽ̤ȥӢ
ϰڳһ˵ƣִ˸ָƵ
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ףǺκͷžˮңֻҪһͻ
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ĿȥӢ跭˰µۺ㣬ЬͲ֪˦
ȥˡȫһ˿ҵӢͬһɫĴԾͣŤšǳ
ۡѩ׹⻬ļԲ޳ĴȡС·ïʢĺɫɭ
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ĿߣɽѹӢ壬
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㹭㺹죬ڳһɹ
Ůʱڵһִأһ㷲˻ΪŮ͵
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ĿѾﵽ˼ޣţַס޾׼ģ
ָӢƬۺɫŮ۵ĴϣſȻ̧β
ҧƨƶһ죡



ĿһеĲӢȴԼԭӢ׼
æС֣Ŀ´֮ʱ׼ȷס˾޴ͷӲ
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ã㣡ĿֱҪˡۿžһ˽ֱʵ
ԸתۼֲˣӢҪ

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ΪǶ̵Ҫһ򵥵ĺܣʱĻŭţæͷӦ
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ӢһڴӦ˻ˣؿڲ̧
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ƿڣʳСեҲ٣㣬ԻȻϸʹܣ
ԡ򼾫ľ޾ߴȣʵ̫ˣԾŪ·
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ԭΣð̬ԭ̬찮ҲзȤӡҲ𡭡ѹ
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ΡӢƨɸ߸߾ץס߷ֿ
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һԷС⣬һɹɽɫ򼾫ҺŭŵĹͷۿ


ǧ򼾫ľҺͬСɣˮһļ䣬ײӢں
ӹϡӢ豻̵˫ۺȫҲɫĹâ
СҲ𽥱䳤⡣֪ԼҪˣɴྡ̸ƨɣϰ
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ĿϽ߰γӲൽһ߸ӢóĿռ䡣Ӣɷ泤
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ˮ˳ĿҵˮһɿӢɲ
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ĿҲ࣬ҧ촽Ŵ˵һ˵زסءܿ죬
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ڻƻ˵ȣûйٻ˭ҲҿԷ



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ĿһȻѹϣһץסһֻ鷿˯
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򿪶Ŀֻħƣ˵һԼ媹Ȫϴȥ챾˵ʦּ
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ǸСʿһˡĿңһᣬ㽫һڻعȥˡ

ܿҪ˿ˣӢڿнһУСʿ紵һȷɵ
˶ſڡſˣͯ˳һֱɵˤڵϡӢҲŽ


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ҲˣϲܵΧסѯ֮¡

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üˣԻطȥˡʣŮ˪֣׷ȸԾ

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˽ħһ㣬̧ͯͷãؿŮӡ

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ĵͽվʹͯɥʧκ־ͯûм
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ϥǵ㷢ٲкһת׷׻ζԼԿ覴
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ܼ򵥡˽һæӢ˹˵ͯʣҵʦ壬
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Ӣ˵ͷ˵ԡֻܰʦæ

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ɣֵбˮõĶӴ˵ţһ
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衭衹֪ͯѸı˳ƺӡеܡ

Ӣ֪עͯеҺѾʼͯغ쾫ӣ
ȫӪټС˫۱˺ɫͫˮʼһһεش
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ӢڴϣŤ壬ɵͯſŪλ
ͯ湻鷿ڶһᣬƵӢŮԵĲλ̽
ȥӢһ֣˫ȳʣͷֿӡĵط


չڵͯǰһƬصľԲԲ߸߷ïܵ
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ߴ򿪣˽ϻصڷһ϶ͻȻһ
ССĴָָڴСͯԵ캬סǸϸ׵
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ѽӢĻٱСͯһҧһ˲䶼оҪ
ˣֻȫ˺ϼ㷢ҷɣһŹβͣزš
ݣ͵һζճҺش
ҧ˱ٵͯвٻﱻȥԭ
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֮жԺŨĿ˵бȴŮߣͬ嶾֮࣬ȻЧ
ⷲͯоͲһˣڷɿãȫӪ߱
غǰУԴԴϲֻͣͯͯ˫Ѿ
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СĹͷѪʺʺġͯеǳܣڴϲͣš

Ӣһᣬĸ߳ȥˡ̧麢ӵ״
ȫˡһθֱڴϣ·Сͬʱ
ˮͿˮ

ߺߺߡĶأЩգʳڲͣ䶯
ţһͯӳɣָŪŪ
ֻίһͯӱСƨɣ
׼ӣСڡͯ·оΣգƴ[ 
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ӢڹͷȻ˻һһڽ
СͯѾĳͷһӢĺ
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ˡ˽ġӹȼգ˽ġһŶ
оһһƺҪˣæ[ ϵԴۺ] һ
˿סʼ˷תĥ

žžžžĵײͣЪӢ壬ҧضԵ
ͯ˵ӡ㡭ջ˽㡭ջ˽Ŷ
˰ɣ¡˰ɣŶ˻ĵĸ߳ܿҪˡӢ
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ݵزסšëһţͬʱڵ¿ʼ
ߡСļһһһһ粨˰䶯š

ͯƺ߳ȫˣ˫ӢϺҸ
Ӣæһѳ˿õԪҵ˳ڣ۵ؿ
ȫŮӹ͸ոȥľҺһԭ֩뾫ڽ
ٷ˸ı䣬ήˣӹһ
еʳﶼӹڱֺ

̵ͯӾһ̼ŮĽתһ
ϰȫѹںӵϣͣزţȻҲﵽ˸
ڵȻǿһԴԴϵı˳

ֻͯоԼһʮ״̬СֽȻͬĸоȫ
ӣһϾγͷŰĿԼӢǼů
󡢻ȵȸоһ㡣һǷ·ȫѪ
ⶼȻ󱻳עӢ轿ڲС֪
ηӦֻǽץסӢ⣬зͺ
һһɵط׳Լ

侫ȵһξõöࡣӢ費֪˶೤ʱ䣬ֻԴ
ԴϵسˢŻӹڡӹ챻עˣСҲ
ͬµһ㡣ڣͯľҺϡӢ
رŸ߳ƣסե˼ӣڴ
ϣš˫ȣһظԼĶƤһ
סߴֹҺٿ꣬ȫļⶼȥѻ
ȥˡ



˺óһᣬӢŻһЦû뵽⺢
ζءСпڸˡ⺰ȼˣɡ

ԭβûԶһʼե͵ҵե
ʳˮͰҺסķڵڵȵٻƿ
Ž˷䡣һɺˮҺˮϵζζ
þ;ԼеߵˡӢˣǸһЦɣ
̰Щû١

ĻãõҲûж˵ţ
͵Ȳˣɿѵȫŷκľߣ
׼ȥ

ȵȡӢ躰ͣͷŴ㡣ȷ˽ȥ£˽
Ҫԡ

δӦһѺӷ£СزߡӢһֱţ
һŶǸûڵһЩҺ˳εεڵذϡ

˺öడ֪ʣ١μѴ׼
£̻ȥСͯ˽߽ˮϻ
һЩоϽУ˸ɾ

ۣСŶξϲ˵ˮСʿǰ
ϸ

Сʿȴתѹѵ˫ۣȴһа
ӣ۾ȫɨšȻһ飬
ȴûʲô

ӴءҰССҧݺݵ
ӡͯŵòҶˡʱһϤӱ𣺡˽Сã
ҲʦˡղŰ˽˿ʣɲܺ˱ŶҲðιñġ

СͯͷһֻӢһ˿бϣǰĶСɽһ
ţʢղŷ׳ľӢһֳֻͷһָ
СµؿС֪ͯԼڽˣŴŵˮ


ѽޱޣ޻˿ɾͲóˡСŶСͷ
źӵᣬţҲ𰡡һ¿ˮСʿ
תǰǰḧὫס
ѩ׵ĴҲסСʿͷСʿֻоԼһޱ⻬
֮УֺȵˮϸŪԼ
֪塢ħߣвԼ
ȴôҲ۲Ķֹܿͣᣬ̰
㣬ҡͷССͷͼ
⡣

Ŷ۾һǸƤС硫
ֽͯתƣ˵ˮرԵ˶Сʿ
ͷȫסˡҵͯȻӲͦˡæ̧
βסͷ׼Լʪ͸ĻڡʣһЩɣ˷ѡ
˵ţԼ³鶯

ûã˵Ľдͯһ
ˣ룺̫ˡôȥҲͲס˾
侫ͷղſɾˡδһʵե
βʣˣγ˵ͯ㡭Ҳ̫˰ɡӢ
ȴһЦ˽ѾܽˡҪȻСɰ˽ĸˣֵ
ѽɣ˽ﹾء

ҪŶСø˵˵С·ڸŵ̶̵
Ʒų˻ƹ⣬ֻ䳤ӣƵԣ촽
Ȼſӣһ˽ȥ

СͯʹѵгþĴ
ҧѪɽϣ׽ɷǺÿǿ
ѪζһӼεײбԣղŻС糤С̵Ľ
۱ѪͫޱضҧסƤ⣬˹˵´
ͯѪֻԽԽֻһСʿ߹Ǿˡ

ӢԼЦ˳⺢ӣɶʱһ
ѽ˽Ǹ˵ѪʱҪѶҧôֻüʳˡ

֩뾫пյģȡѪʳҲԸע
ҺҺҺβûôϲľǿʹ
Ȼһڿ̽С

ʡαѪͷˬسһ΢գ
۵·ޱȻζ㷴촽Ŀ϶ɣؼ
һʼתۼͷĳԼë˻ɫ˻ɫ֩
ؽں븹аë׵ȣӢƣֻ֩
ͱȴİ̬ҪСˡСʿڳرߣԼӸ£Сʿ
ʱѾѪһϢʽĲεֻǰŲ
צסСʿţ桫ѽһ߳ͯ
߹һ볶ѪһϡθϽȥͷ
ǻѪͷȾ˺ɫѪ˳Ҳ
ˮȾ졣

̧˸ãޱؿѾεСͯ
һֻǰצ̽ǻڣᳵ·ҵࡣ΢΢Цһ
ǿһѪܾͱ˳

οצŵѪģǿľȻ΢΢Ц
ëȻЦص׼Ц
һ󣬽ٵߣС˲ſϴһھͽߣ
ڳ⴮һ㡣

ꡭηɿؾ׽ţѪ˳ˣһ
ﲱȥְǻڵĸΡθȵһһˣС
ʿֻʣһǻӡһǰצʬ崮𣬰
ƵһҧˡֽʬצϻһȦ
һԲεͷǹǾͷ˳ȥ¶͸ӡצһצһצ
ͽС

ܿ죬Ժȫ˸ɾǰצһ˦ʬ屻˦ˮ
δ촽޵ζַƹ⣬ֻϰ
ı״ɫļ׿Ǻëȫת֮䣬һ
ֻȰë׵Ļɫ֩ˮУ⣬εԭ͡

ֻѪɫͫ첽ʬ壬ƬƬɫˮ
ֻһ°ʬǯסǰצİ½˺ȫ̳Խ
˸С

ǱᣬӢ΢ЦſһУڿһȤ顣ϲ
βԺͽʳΪξͺ󿴼ʱԼ

ȫſˮ븹һ˯һ㣬ֻ븹
䶯šһֻɫ븹ĺ󲿼ſһӣž
һһѪܵİȹǴӿбйˮž
žһˮ죬Ѿѵ˹ȫ˳һǶϱڳ
ͷǡ

ֲ֪˶ãδԭ̬˰̬ȻִӰ̬Σ
ֻСǵϴ󣬱ӢĶӶһȦˮһ˫аĴ
۾㡣ӢЦʵСóôصС
̫óˡͻˮءǻûԱӢЦһ
ˮߣָιĶӣǽ㷹Ͱû
öϸϸس԰һ£ȥ媹Ȫ衫˻
Щʱ򣬵öեЩͯЩСɰѽ

áθ˵شӦˡŮˮУ۾ֹ
һʱŮСָƽ̹⻬ԭ״Ӣź
һ㣬ε˶֮¡



һ磬һ߲ʵϼ֮ϡǹų
βͣɽķȥԦ߲ϼ·Ů

㣬媹Ȫû𣿡һλɫµŮе㲻ͷˣ
ͷĺŮʵ

㼱ãͿˡŮ΢Цǰһָǰð
ľˡ

Ů̬죬ǰɣܿ媹ȪߡŮͷľ
⡣عǵȺˡһŮأæǰӭӣС
ݼλɹá

߻ŮϥǣһݸƤһ㡣ߵļλ
Ů޲ڿһЦŮȴׯأ΢һ񣬵ԡ׼
ô

ɹãȪˮȣϴԡԲ֮СɶѲ
ʲôҰŵλɹá۾Цһߣ

ˡŮͷǽͽȥź˳ʮ
֮⣬ûҵٻ㲻ɿһϽǣһתͲˡ

ŮˣЦȸԾŽľšһľդ
ΧôһƬˮ档ˮ峺ףص׿ɼǶʯмȪ
ðˮһƬˮˮϷΧĴʯ
ܵŸֲΪȻϡֱһµͤӣ
γ裬һ񻨵¼ܡ

治͵͵ܳˡųɫµŮ
ϲܵرߣСĵʳָˮ£ϲ

ǣ׼һ°ɣкܳʱݡŮڽã
һ֮ͤ¡ֻһڣһɫĳͤȫΧסʱֻ
洫Ůɵ˵Цһᣬʧˣλɫ
Ůɫԡ˳ԭ̼ͥϣŮȻԾ
ҲʮֱأʹһϴԡҲҪܵԡۣ˵½Ұˡ
Ǽ͵ȱˮлϲĽ׷Уȴ֪һ̤
Ԩ

ʱڳŮʼеͷΡΪ
Ȫݾķۣ⡣û뵽ѣθԽԽأܿһһ
Ļ˹ȥֹʱ֨ѽһľűƿˣ߸Ӱ


ɽ˿

㣬㰡Ůŵ̱һѵ
Ů˵ӵס˴Ͷ㡣Ӣ΢΢һЦŮ
ûһʱѲġǣȥ·ͥĹͺúý
磡ϣŮӦһ׷׻ط׼ȥˡӢ迴Ů
һЦҲһֲط˲ᡣ

֪˶ãŮתѡǼѵ
˫ۣӳеĻǸɽˮ媹ȪĹڹ
ӳʲôֻһ޴ĶѨڡһ飬
Լһ˿ңɴ󾪡վӣȴȵطȫ
񱻳һ㡣ǡĶŮѵ³һ䡣

ӭӭһΪĵϷŮȥĿ⣬ֻ
ڰгһ˫Ѫɫͫţһ׹Ͷסһ˵
һŮӲ֪ʲôţ춥Ͻ

ŮϸۿȷʵһŮ¿
ŮòʱŮ޲ɴ˫ۣͬʱһ̾

ŮӴ̫̫¶ˣֻһָϺɫز
ǡסͷΣͲһš֮Ͼ
Ϳһɫͬʢ˫֮һ㡣°һȭ
ͷСϺɫǲƬǿס˽ϸϸӹڿϡǰ
һɫ͸ɴóɵƨĩ˱һ˿ţһ˲ϥǴ
ʹ֮´ٿֱȽ£ֱָ춥֮ûһ϶
źɫĹϥ߸ѥ޳ֱչҲͬɫĳͲ
סһͷ˿ýһ߸ߵ٣ݼŮׯ
žǧ֮ͬһ졢ջΣյ

һʼŮɻŮǿʲôý˲ŷ֣һ
ϸϸɫ˿ߴӶĺڰд£ĩ˾Ůӵȸ֮䡣˿
ڲ쳤ŮҲԽԽ棬ֱֻ׵֮ʱ˿
һ¶ϿˡֻŮһĿշȵ̤һŰѴ
ӵĸ̨ϰȻ

㡭˭Ůסʵ

˽Ӣ衣ŮӢӸ¸Ů߰ص
ǣӭӹͣ䣬еĹͬʱȼ
˴ߺߺߺߡһƬЦ߸
λ޵ˣЦƽŮȴ֩뾫
˭

ŮϸһŮͬΪ¶ҲǼ
λˣáúáС˵ŮǶ
ͥеˣЩ[ ] üΪ欣
Ůһȡ

ֻŽɫĸ߸Ьȹšȼߴ
һƬɫĿȸë죬ڻԲɰĶ·ֿƬ
ɫëɵ״Ϸǰ䲻ȫסӰ
ľȴǡס١̵ĺϴŻɫëƴɵĻΣƷ
βͣϵ䡣һɫ͸ϵɴӻͷ˿
˫ݷ٣⾫Ũװʹȥƽӳġ

ԱһͷмΪɣƤ黨
޳Ϲһ𻷣ӽϴһխխĳɫ̵ֻ
Բ鷿֮رܿۺɫͷһֱ£˽
λһֻ˽֩룬ֱϡױĳųɫ߸
ƤѥƤѥϥǵԵλöɫͷװΣԵޱȡ

ֱߵŮΪڲͬλ֩뾫Ƕ
ֱΨɢһƬ΢ֻϰһ˿ңֻ
ŵɫ֩״ϴһⱦʯ׹ؿһֱ
Сϡϵһ͸ĵɫȹԼпԿ˽
ƺſһֻīɫ֩롣ʵǲ֩룬һ̱ʯɫ
ɴɵ㣬м߸ĸīɫϸƨɺȥ
̶ס˸֩ȡֺȽǹŵģϱۺͽ׶
ŵ׺ɫʯĽλ

ŮڼΪصͥҵķα˵ˣ붼û
ȻǴڱϣԽԽúϷ׷׷ɳƣ
һĺС¹ײͣ

Ů⵽ŮǰЦţӸƳŮɣ
вزסŮǿ﷢ëʣǡʲô
Ů½аΣ

СšŮ¼ƬⱩ¶
ŮСָָж糤Ϳɫָͣ
ŮᲦŪţŮٰ꣬ǽö֮ˣ
ֻŮǽһ

ŮɻˣȴʱӢѾӸ̨
һ֣ŮԷֿȴӢôżǻû
λŮأôͿڽ趫λ˰Ȫݵú
ˡһƣȪģƷƷ


˵꣬ͷһȴСһ
ͯӵһ˳СǰͯƵ˽ǰʩ
뿪ˡͯؿţһ̱ڵϣ־ı飬˵
ҪҪ

ӢһӣѶһˮλεʢд͸Һ塣
ǰȣȪܲЩƫͷ
̶˸ɫãˡ

ޱ飬һͷͯǰͯĸһѾ߬ס
Ĳӡһᣬѽͯ˵档ͯ˵ʹ
šķɫָͯĿһһƲͯʹ
һǻѳһƴĶ͸ڿԿϹǡ⣬
ġ

üӹˮڵڶ½һЩѪ˫ðһ
ɫâ̽һ壬ŵŮȫ۾
еѪɽûгֻ֣ұϽһ˪ܿ춴
ΧѪҲȫ˱Ȼޱ飬͵سͯؿ
һˣһűþӨ͸ıȡ˳ٿͯȫ
԰ڷ

̽ʬ嶪ڵϣüƹſһǿ
ɫҺУƺϴӺð˳

ŮƷӢֱһˮյü룬ӨӨ
ɫɷǺÿӢ˫ֶյŮ˸ƵơŮ
ɵҿ׷װͷؿڣһʹ

ѽôõľƶȣ[ ϵԴۺ] ξ㣬
ŮǲȰǻǺȰɡ

ðɡϧˡӢͷŮÿжһյü
յÿһŮһֶ̧ˣˮֻʣһűġü
ӢУӢ̧һڱȥ



¶ǣʳһֱӹӢֻһӺ
һֱ´ܵСˬлһЩоƣһƺȫ
ԼֻϡգḧŪšã
Ѫͫ۾һּΪʵӷҲˡŮ
ǣǸÿʼˆѡѶǾͿԻؼˡ

Ůڿһ˵֪ʲôǿ̧ͷӢ衣

ֻ߸֩뾫ɢֿŮΧġǶȥϱͲ
¶ѩ壬ȫðɫĹâƯһ
ߡһ޴֩ηŮ¡Ӣ˫૵
- - - - - - š󲻶ϵر
ɫԽԽǿҡŮ̵۾ʱֻоʲô
͸ƤɢС

֩뾫ȴúɫԼԼŮ
Ϸһ˵ĸ߶ȺɫСӡ
ԪԴԴϵر뿪֮һ𡣱
Ů˹ֿ뷨ķΧ֩뾫޷ǵԪ
ġ涾޷ֻԪԽԽ
ĿоӨ֩뾫һ˾ȴӵ⣬
ҡͷԺٺЦǿŵŤ߰޳壬ޱȷɧ次
зޡѽһӾ񣬲
ȡ

ڣ߸֩뾫ͬʱظ߽һ˼ޡӢð
Ϲ⣬ſ˫ۺɡӭǵˡ֩η
â̶˰ɫͶŮߵӰӣ
̬Ϊɭֲ

Ůһ಻ԣڵҪƤһ
һѾŨͬһ㣬۶ؿϷ
߿ɿشת߿Ԫվ۳˻״СӢ
߳һչ߿Ԫͬȥһɵ
С󽥽ȥʧ߸֩뾫Ҳ˵档

ǡǣŮ߽ӣȫͥŮɣ
ˣͥĲǵģ

԰üŵ㣬ǻȥҪǸһ״ǿ
ʹ²ѽҪǰɱˣͥ϶ҲǺã

ӢЦ⵹Ǹء˽а취ȥǵı
üһӦȥˡʱһСлӢǰ򿪡Ӣ
ȡһĳ塣ⶫů̶ɣͷ
ͣмһ⾹һ˫ͷߡ

û취ΪǱ죬˽ֻܳ²ءӢ߱
һ£̾˿ƺܲԸ˵

ˣŮﻹ֪֩뾫ʲôһʱʹ
λŮֱӿ˹ȥУٱ
ۿžҪǿжȥˣܲˣܲʹ

˭Ӣʵ㣬ȴԾԾ
ˡ

áǶȥæӢ轫ֻ߽̽Լ
ڿŪһһճҺ˳ߵһͷ
ҺȻһͷԼְѺϵԼƨϡ
λ֩뾫ü¼һ˰סһλŮһۣ̺סһ
ѩ״һ̶ֱֿȣȫ¶Ů
Ů̧ǰ׼ͷŪŮе㣬
Ѿð˿˿ˣֽֿ¶ۺɫں
ڣ治ͥŮ˽ءɡ

˷ܵЦݣԲۣͷŮƤһ
׵Ƭ֮ķۺɫϣ˫ֿסŮһơ

Ůͬʱһ߽Уֻһˬ
˽УһǴδùͨǿƿɵʹధһϸϸ
Ѫӽϵķ϶˳㣬ʹҡԼ
һڵͷ߸˿УһͷҲŮĻںֱ
ײ˲ٲĴĤ֯Ůʹ಻ȴû
ֱ֫ĸ֩뾫סѹͲκηжһʱЦ
ʹ

֩뾫ǵؿЦţϼӿ
ȡһ߼ŮһߵŮ㡭ôҪҡ˵ѽŮ
С֡оǡһӡûİɣ

ĳ弫мɣ˫ͷҲʮ־ɵߡʱţ
ŮʹмˣһֵĿһۣо
Һе뿪һǺߣǲԸԼȻ
²˿Уֻҧס⣬סӣС졣

ѽŮ㡭ԽԽʪأáԽԽ˳ˡ
ϲüӹͷѽ϶Ҳˡǡ˵
аءԼʵǸޣǺǺǡŮЦ
Ůˣ߲֣Сø͸ƻһ졣ѹסڵĿУ
ȫѹסԽԽߡǱһ죬һϸ
ġ

֩뾫ɶúܣӵùǵľ졣޲ϲ
ĵŮҲдˡˣҪ
ˣټӰѾŮһӿٶȣ׮ɿ
ؽŮ壬ٵžžžž˫Ҳ
ǵĶͣ˦Ӣ״ߵŮߣ·ϣ
סһֻͦ飬СһŽһֻ鷿ʺٺ˿ϸϸ˱


졭ġҡҪǴ֮Ůֵ
סصĴ̼ڷ͵ķ德ȫ˺Σ
ͷٳѪ˼ͬһӲͦšҺ
ϸ΢϶ӽϴһζڴɢ

ͬʱҲﵽ˸߳һһҪ򵹡Ůæ
סŮŵϡǿĳս
ſŮϡŮȴڸ߳бܵ§ס͸
޳ҲŮ§һһ뾷š

ã߳ȥһᣬˣ˳Ů壬
մѪ˫ͷ߰γθϽֱ˸߲
ԼڡŮ˰Ůŵһߣ̧һλŮ編ƣ
ֽŮƴ

߸֩뾫һһŮȫƴӢһЦԪ
ûˣһӣ֪ˡǺǡ
˸ָ´ӿ䵽ŮϣҲˣٹһ
λеĶͻˣ˽λŶ

ŮʱѾң޶޲ˡαΥ
͵͵·ϴģһһ꣬ܳݸٻȥû˻ᷢ
û뵽˴ѡԪѾˣָҲѹ֩
ǵĶֻܴ֡Ѫ̡ĻҪǱĸ֪ˣ
ǵĽǱ֩뾫ֲĳͷ

Ů·ҲһЩǻվ
־ؿ֩뾫һۣͷһȳһյ뿪˿

㣡ǿԪڰɣ󹦸ɣöΪ
ˡǼŮԶ׷ΧסӢ裬еؾȡԪ

ǲԪֲߡӢЦ绨
ȥ媹ȪһϴһԪϴٻسԼСɰ
˵òð

ãŮֱֵ֣ͬǿȥöҶ
ɢˡһŮ˴׵ıɴȹȡɢͷ
ÿﶼһϴԡþ߻¼ϣ߳ţ
ֱ媹Ȫ

ȴ˵϶˳ʮ֮˰죬һֱûŮٻڰ
סˡ͵Ůϴԡ³ʲôԼҪΣֻ͵
͵Ǳ媹ȪûﵽſڣֻһЦϽͣ
ݴԶԶ͵ֻ߸֩뾫Զľţ
֨һְŹˡ

ô֩뾫ˣŮѾˣԻ󲻽⣬
ˣͷҶﲻ𣬻߰ɣ̾һת֮Ҳ

֩뾫ǽ媹ȪȪˮȻȣ¼
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İɣ媹ȪĻˮѾôãµĶֲ࣬
ɾˡӢһ˵һߵˮߣһˮϸ˿ͷ
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Ůһ׷ܽͤ￪ʼ½ɴȹ¼ϡһʱ
ͤڴ䣬òˡ

죬һѺˡһ˿ЦܳͤӣС
ĴƬˮֱɵͤǵڽһ󽿺Цڶ
ֻ[ ϵԴۺ] °¡οŵŤţϸ
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ԲԲӳŮһˣ׷ͣеΧ£
֪ŮԪʱ̾Ҫˣһͼı
Ӣ衣

ӢӽüУԼָһţԪ
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٣ֵԪں˽ܻܿһ[ 
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ԶԶΧվһȦӢֽֽֿС
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ԽԽ㺹ӢȫƤð˳ƺ
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ˮУ˫ΪӢ軤Ӣ㷢ҷɣҧżȮݣȫ
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ɽλöд֨֨ϸһ̬֩
Ӣڱ䳤תۼͱһ룬ȫֳĻƣС
ɽһ븹ϱһ޴İɫͷơ

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쿴üָˮ棬Ӣע⡣Ӣһᣬֻ
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Χסֻ桭һ߳߸֩뾫һֻһ
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Ͻˮн˿ϸһŵĹȻһͯ
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ðɡŮЦӦӵŴϰصͤ£Ū崩ɴ
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Ůص˿üѰͲס㣬ǿ쿪ʼɣ

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˿һӣ˿ȵرġһָ˿ʱ壬
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ӢЦǿȻڣ治СŮ
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ĥ䡣ϰ̧˫ֻֽм伷ӣҴС
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ӣСУ溢ƿ⣬Ҳȫü֭
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ڶͣڣһһ塣Ϊ˳
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С롭ǿġôӢһ߽һͷ
Լ촽̬ĵʵڸջΪβ˵ֻԭʼ
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ԼĻڣ۲תԽڵС˽û취ˡ
ɡһС׵ġ

ڸоԼĹͷһİϤĵطסˣϲȫ
ӢҲѩ´졣ڸоԼĹͷ
һխ󻬵ڡ

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Ӣһ£Ӣ÷ȫŶסҪѽڿƸͳĸ
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ԽԽ࣬һЩӶӵķ϶˳
Ӣе磬æ˿䵽ϣŴ
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ˮڳĻȫ¡ƷɾζҲƮƮ
ɣЩò֪ϦϦˡ



Ӣ÷Žָ޴ࣵһ
Ļڰγմ˶˵ҺɷǺÿӢ
һĨĨһСƬܼѨڷסֹй©Ҫ
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Ǯۺĺܡ㾡ܳ°եˡ̺ǺЦЦͷ
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Ҳ˼ƽ㶼׷ԼƬȥ

Ӣֵĵв˽ڵҪһ򡣲Ӧû
ʲôġ̵ͷӦűԼȥˡ

üʮͯûǳɣӢŮʵüת
ûءа˸ãȥ˽һ˽еءӢ

ϡü˸ֵͯУ˿ŹسʸӢ
衣ӢӹͯУ˫ֿסز࣬˫͵رѪɫͫſӣ
¶ֳּȮݣͷһƫһҧסͯĲӡ

ཡཡӢؿһһҺ
ͯʹȫѪϵرӢ븹Уܿͣ
ֹӢؿڼϵ䶯ͯѪ
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ӢͯѪɿغ˿ͯе
ʬŵһߡѪ۴ǻ£һ·°͡񾱡ؿڡ˫
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΢΢һЦ˽˿ʵķݶϣ˽Ѻˡ
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Ƭ˿ʬһ롣õʬ彫ᱻҺܽ⣬
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̣ôˣӢһ˫ĿŶ˵

šţҲ֪˵ʲôڴһʼͶ֮ǰ
ӡסԼŮʮη塣ǰٷ֮ٵĴ壬
һϱԵѩ̣ײһȫȫ
䱸η塢ޡսȵ౾ܴӿ

ذѽ§ڻУڲ֪ССֱۺȽ
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ɫâһѩ״ָ⡣һıϵ
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ڵĻҲǿһʱƴ˸ƾС

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ϰҲ˱仯һ˪ѩļһ㼫ĺ˪һ
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̲סɰ̬ˡء̵һƬƣ
ûзɶԽڵĽ˽ţӢ˲һЦü
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ϣüͲһԼեȡͯȥ
Ӣ費һ䣺ɱû͵԰

أۺôҲǵüЦ˵ҡһ
ҲΪ̶̬ߵи࣬˵ԣӲ
ǲеġ§м䣬ݡ

ԱֹͣʩڱǰһԻԲͦ鷿֮Ͽ
䣬ѽڸԡ˽ȥüЦţҲϣһ˫
§ס̡ҲᱧסüŮ͸һ
ڼм䡣üͷȥס̵촽֩뾫ƽʱ
ĥİϷȻҲ裬ػüŮϾϰ
ͣĥţһ𡣴Զȥ޴֩嶥һ
һ߷ĳŮӵݣɫĵƹ
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ϱ߶Ůǣ±ߵĽʲôҲֻо·һ
ȵĿڴУڴذ䶯ûз϶Ҵ
ʮ㡣һ˿˿Ůֱıꡣ

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һҺǻεζڶŮ֮䡣ڸеڴ
ԽԽʪ»ûȫʱһ˿˽
סز˽ȥͷҪ̽Ůؿ
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ôһĵڽڵԺ𡣲˵
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ڵľȻʳһüһٴݻٽڵ־ߣ
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ֻԼԼһɫӰԽԽһ͵ǰ
Ӱĸߴ۽˫ֳһŹһ֧

ڴʧɫӰǵŸ̫ĺֻ࣡
󹭶׼ԼƺҪżŵתܣҲ󲽽
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֪˶ãôҲ˦࣬ˡʱǰ
һɽɽһϸɽںץס˾ݣƴɽȥ

ɽխҲǿǿýڼ롣룬һͷ
˽ȥڸűˡڰһ㣬꣬һ
ǰȻʣһʯڡʱ⴫˵ǽ
ҳҪΪɰѽŻˡһͷſʯϣ
ţҲȥҲȥ

˵Ҳ֣ӲʯڱԽԽγһնѽһ
˽ȥ룬Ҳȥһıմİȫдӽ
һԭɳ̱˵ϡ

ѽǺǺǡߺߺߡһЦ̾Ů
ã̧ͷѰԴֻһŮӲ֪ôģһ
̴ʯϡ͸˳Ůϸˮ顢
һ˿ֻһխֳ˿а˽Ʈǰؽ
§ס¡¡˺ġ

ڲ֪Ů˭ࡹȴмĿŮ
ӣŮЦţ˫ָ塣

ȥˡҰɡܰȫŮ૵[ ϵԴ
] һ˫ֽơ

㡭ҲԴӦңҪȥô
Ůˮ˫Žڵ۾¶ĵͷŮӿĵЦˣ
ҡüįҡֵͷŮӽһһ
ѽ˵ڵأŽڵֵҺÿġҵġС
ĸζ㡭Զҡ

Ů˫ԽԽ¸ȥ˽ڵȼ䣬һߵһ
߬סڳ˵ĴֳܻͬŮӵ֮Уûа
ʶҲС§סŮӵز

˾²һ𣬲һֻһֹǵĽ䣬
ϮˡؽŮӵ壬Ůʼ
ֵ¡

ŶʵУ̸еһӲһӶС
ϣһüüһЦ֪ʵôˣ

Ӳȡ̵

ǺǣղеĻþ㶼˰ɣüʡ̵ͷü
뿪̵壬ڱǰȥֻǾ޴𵽼ޣ
һļͦţ˫һĨɫÿˮҪˣǿ
Խǵ࣬òá

̸ֳϲõı飬ӹڣ̬סƺ
ڻþУǰ̾ǸеŮӡػӦ̣˫
ϲסĸ̰ѽŷϣԼ
ϷƨɣǸƶԼĻſڣ
ͷ˷ŵɫⴽ˳Һĵ
ȥ

ͬʱһʼĽš

šߡſתţθ߸𣬽
վסƨƴײӢĵǲһƽ
ʱҲѡؾȻ˽ˣˬȥˡ
̵һɴɵĽӿӹڡ
һᣬӢ¼ͷ¼æȥ̡¼
֮ΣüӢŵý
եȡΡ

Ůʳ˽ϸ¡С
ѽѽòСӢѿƿ;ˣʮͯҪôֻʣһ
Ѫܵİ׹ǣҪôڼܻ𼸺ԵĽڣǺ
ˮ̳һļͦߣߣһڽС
ȫӹڵһ˸С

ڰޱ޼ʵĺڰڵϢ˾

ɽ֮ĶԴڣһݻŮ
һ𷢳неײ

Ůӵ֮Ϻ˵ļͺڴ˵˼֮ʱ
ĸ߿˿Ķͷϸܵĺ飬ˮ𽥻ڶ
һžӨĺ飬һ⺹Ů
ѩ׶˵Ľһγĳ¶Ůҡεĸˣﲻʱ
ԳԵЦ૵Ĳ֪˵Щʲô˸оµŮЩ
ĳѾ˲ôˣҪѰϵĿС

ֲָĺڰȴԼһаƵ֩Ӱʱʱ֣
еƹܿĻһŵþΪʲôŮˣ
ѹµȫȫһֻ˶Ļư߲֩롣

ѾĹͷǽҧţ䶯·
ԽƫƫԸΥʱͨ죬
¡

ҽѣܲˡ˵·ڰ

𰡣ūһûءŮ˵Ӧһ
£ҾʹԸ

ʱ˱˵һ¾ǧҲһӦ
˵ֻͷʾӦʡ

ҪľȫңҺܹӴ˺Ϊһ塣һ
ôתȴƫƫ͸һɭĿֲζ

áûκεԥһڴӦ

ŮЦˣ쳱ĸ˵ıʱѵ
ζĴˣָ˵˼£漴
ϵһͣ

һɹɻȵṴ̃ĺˮһӵһ
Ů˽۵ĻҲˬĲ

ūһҪ࣬Ҫ£㽫һ

˵𽥴ӹ̱ñŮ֪ʱˣ
޳ֱȸ߸̧ס˶ԷβȻͻȻһС

һʹʱоȫ˾ҺŮ
ڡ

Σͷ˵ʱʱ죬һ⻮ƺҹҫ
ڡԭһɫŮӶʱɫ䣬һ߿һϢˣ
ȫ䱸ٴС

ӷ𣡡ҹգһţԶ쳹ׯϺŮ
Ӷһ顣

ͺ¿ֻ£Ů˿߲һԪȻ
вȴҲ֪˵Ѿ޺޵˼䣬һʱһ
Ʈ˴⡣

ߣҹһӹ漴һҺǽ׼ȷ
Ļ˻ߵŮӣһӰӰյ

ӷǵԾһɫӰӺڰﻺ߳
ڰ·УҹɫͬˮһȥܱһʱɫĹ
âյͬ羹ȻĿߵĿʲôģ

ڵϵŮӿȳһںѪվȴԼһ
̱˵ϣһ˫ǵĿ޺޵ĶŶĺз·޲ý
ƤķŸġ

ջͺ¿̽첻Сĵϻְɣ

Ϊջ۵ɮ˲͵ؽʢһ޴ķȻ
ۣ˲ɽ۾

ջ۵һŭȣһֻȻ䣬
ŮӾҪ档

ŮӱĿһ̣ҹв֪͡
˽ַΧ

裡ջһϺ˸ӡʱһ֣


㣡ԭ̱ڵϵŮӷ·𿴵˾ݣϲ
ң

ջĬȻҹգ׺ڵһ˫һĨ⣬Ľⲻ
ǵضĺչš

ջۣһˮˮò˽һȥػ
Ҿʹ˰ΣҹеȪˮһƫ
ƫһ˿Уʱ򷴶ëȻ֮С

ԴǣָͯΣػ˵أòи
һ԰գջ̧絶֮״Ҫն䡣

ͺ¿Ҷһֻźɫ޴֩¶˳һ
˸еѹֵǿӿ

ϢƵջ۾ȻԿͷ΢΢
ı仯Ǿ޴֩ʱ³һں˿̱ڵϵŮӾ
׼εض

ߣӦջһƺݺݵ䣬з·һצ
Է˹ȥ

һ죬ܳɳɽҳ۾ˡջֻ
Щ΢΢飬ﾪͬʱæӿΧȥȴﻹʲô
ڣ

ջ۴վƬ̣оĪû뵽ɽĴ֩뾫Ȼ
˵ĹȫʩΪĴ֮ȫˣ֪֩뾫
ȡŮķͽڵľһǧѲͬնҪӢ
ֻ¸ֲ黹ںͷ

һ̾ջͨҴҸϻ¡

ʦˡջ߽ţüĿ㣬겻ʮһ
Сǰʩʰ

ջ۵˵ͷգΪʦлԸ԰գ
ֱ߽˴

С㿴ңҿ㣬֪ʦôô࣬ѵ
͵ɽ±ˣĻ֮¸˽ȥ

գΪʦһƽУҪɽѰҿ֮Ƕ
˽ɽ²ɽ˲ɽݣһһ˵
ҲµĽƣԱݡ

СһԼ͵ɽ֮¶ʱģгҲʣ
ʾʦջ۵ͷɽһ¸֪תһ
ӱû˵ֻǽηιرһһ֪
ͽܲſ϶¡

͵Ըϣջ׼뿪֮ʣƽʱȽϻ飬ͻȻ뵽һ£
ʦȥʱչƲ̣Ҫ߲˶˸Ǻãͽֲ
ɽǺã

ѽջЦΪʦæɴ¸ˣЩͽ
Ƭ̣óвɽšҴ
ÿһŽշɽղܱƽмǣɴȡ
԰գƮȻȥСӴϲûʦձһ
¡

䣬Ǹһ֧˵֩뾫ӢΪ˽Ȼز
ջ۵ĴһֱڶодޡΪ˽ж
´Ҳ㡣ϾŮθС


ջɣΪãŮ赺޺޵

˵ɣд令ýӽŮ¼
һۡ

Ҳ˵취ܱѶ࣬
һֻڵķءŮü˵

취ûУֻҪĸԸɡ˵

¼һĳ˭֪˵ⲻ
Ƿϻ𣿡

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ˡüŭûԼ˵ˣ´Ц

˵ͺ¿СͽܡһֻûһԳ˼˵

һԾˣһһ˫˫ĿǰϺ
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ǣϺһߣҲκβСаνһˮ

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̽̽磬ûлᣬٴӳ飬вðȻ嶯һ

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Ů±֪ѾҪ·ֻɱˡ㻹
ǼʵİѶĿʦֵСͽܸˣֻ¶Ŀ֪Ҳŭɡ

ת˰Ҳһüһᣬȥ¸תתܲ
ܵõõϢ

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пɱȲô㡣ɽԶ£ֻн˸Լȫ
ڲ֪нƲǰˣ׼ɽȴһСһ
Ŷֳߺߵɽȥ

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СǾգһȴǸũģŮˣ߷˫ֺ
ʮŮʩˣ֪£

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ǸʵˣشֻʦУֻԼɽȴҲ
Ǻࡣ

üŴϲּüĿǿɰʱĴ󶯣ץɽú
ãȴϸմСе½һʱҺһڵء

Ůʩôˣջ֪Լķþһ
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ҲСĵһӣϣɽ·滬üϽԶС
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ɴҡͷǸ⬰Ѹ㰡

ţշɵľǻȣСг˻ǷҲͲ
ˣΰ˼Ƭ̼кҹԸˡ˲
кã׼¡



ڳױեˣ̱һ

ڡǵˡӢ˵ţ˫ֱѪͫ
λҲΧ˹˫ͫ˸ĹâӢȰѪ
˵һצ͵ǰӳ͸׶һļ˺
˽ڵĲӡһŤ৵İγצ⣬һѪܵСڽ
ڵĲ࣬Ȫ۰㲻ͣѪ

Ů״ѹǵԲĶӣ߸ɫ
˿ǵĶзɳѪ֮Сֻ˿ĩ˱ȾѪɫ
ԽȾԽ˿ѪɫڴţŮ϶
¶˼˷ܵı飬欵ŤΣһԶΪ
ɢȥ߸˿ͬ߸ܣɿؽڵѪ߸֩
뾫ĸУǵӹֺ

ŮһССǵѪҺļܵס糤ˮĳ
ȡܿͱˡŮ˿ˣ׷ޱȵش˿Ӣ
˵˵ô֣

θϽ㣬ҶҪŵҾˣ
һ˵ߡӾһҪء¼Ҳ
һһ˵

ˡҪˡüֵ鷳ǻȰ
ڳãƽڵʣµü뻯֭ˮ㿴Σ

Ӣ˵ͷô졣˵꣬ĳצһΣڽ
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ðѱժ˳̤ǰһӶһɺ
΢΢ӢһӣƯڴգ
ĹâӢ½ڵֿ
ĵˡŮĻŭţ޲Ц

ûĵʬϡüȥڽڵļҧһڣע
Һ߽˿һ˿뽫ڹסüָת
˿ƯǸʮּϡͷӢ㣬Ҫ
ڵϵĴ̫ˡ

ŶˮﻹжٺӣӢʡ

ǡĲˡü

ȹǳҸǿ׳ĵطץһӢ
ȰѸճԵ˵˵ţŮɻ
Ƭ֮ϡװѪ⾫Һĸ¡ͬһСɽ
â߶ӹŽĴ͡ʱŮŻָ
Σɫƶ˲١Ҳٴ·
ЦݻصԼĶЪϢȥˡ

֮󣬾ɽǧĴɳĮСһڴƬԵĵ
Сð˵㴶̡ʱˣСеǴ̨
ǰæš˭Ҳ֪˫˫ڸߴǡ

㣬һ·ȥСв٣ΪɶﰡУ
һµòŮԱһɫ·Ůʵܻ
ŮӣŲͬɫŸָ֩ͼȴ
֩뾫˭

ӢЦС˽İٻ˼ң಻á
ǵ°ӵĽ㴦ķˮ͡ĺӱض
кܶǸġطı߲ǰҲױ
Ӣ軷ǵֻҪһΣץ㹻Ĳϻȥ
ƽڵˡ

ŮһȲˣǻʲôǿ춯ְɣ

áʼӢͷѵŷѩ׵
ϰ˫һ˶ɫʯ׹⣬
ָڶԱߣ桫ɫ˿ӻԲ
֩뾫Ҳ󣬷׷ѵ¶ϰҲ
˿߲˿֯һܵľͬưôСʵ
ʵΧһȦ

Сеľʱŷ״˿ʼܡǸܳû
ֻһΧǽ㵲סȥ·ЩŪ
Щ뷭ȥȴȫճϣá

ŮȺճסľ̬һЦǰϣ
˿Щ˿·һߣСﵽӡʱȫ
ǵ˶ϡŮˣһ˷½߶ȽӽСǡ

ˡȥСɰǶ׽ɡӢһкŮ
˶ߵĸ߶ȣɢСǷֳ߸ڰվʱ
ߵѾ˸ڰеľ߸ľɫŮӣܶ˲
ôˣһʱ䶼

ߣ㿴ʲôһſˮضһ
ꡣСһͦһ˿͸ӴͷŲ
Ȧ˿͵ս[ ] 絶Ƭһп
ӵ塣ת֮ӾͱһڷѪȪһ
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˲״Ⱥŵû겻壬ֵĺСܣ
ȴճסܲˡȴǺǿЦ˿
Ϊɱˡֻ˿߰ڳߣͺͯȥ
סһһһ˷ŷɳһ˦ȫ˿
ˤڵء˿УѲԶҲ編ƣ
ʱϰСлŮĺӱץ˳һ

ˣӦûСɰˡӢ˭ҪǶˣԽȥ
Եġ̫Ŷһ䣬̺Ӣ裬ŮС
ȥΧСǵϲԶſӭǡ

ȴ˵óһɨмصޡЩϻŶ
ֻȫƷ̹⣬˫۱Ѫɫͫ˾ĳ
裬Ҳɫתۼƨɺ󳤳ɫƵ֩ؽڡ븹Ͱ
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Ƕͷ־ؿȻǾ޴ð֩˲
֩ǰȴһǧĵļˡֻɫĲ
˾ǰͼͷؿһ˫ΡΡļͦ߸һ
̱ʯ׹زͿ貿ɱϸ·һͶϣ
ߺͶ깵ȫ֬ҫ»ƺһ⡣

ǻڿ־ãʱǰ͵ǰ߻ӳ
৵һǰצ˲ն˼ʮ˵塣ûŵƨ
ɱĺСһЦһ۾֪ϵòУŻ
к壿һǰ֫ǰȺͷϷȥ

ٺ٣ˡ׼һŮӣǰ֫һצֱ
͸ŮӵĲֻһҽУŮӱһ˿Ķ
Ůӵ˿ڡʱ˿ȫѪɫЦţ
ŮӵѪ

βͬڳŮӵĸΡǼǰצһΣŮ
ӵһжצӴšһ񣬴Ӷһ
棬ǳĻŮӵĶ죬ʱ㱻ˣɢһ
㡣ȵǰצһӣȷצ̸趯һ
ƬӰֻϵɿһצϣֻʣ
䵽ϡ

ܿ콫ϵֽ꣬ŮӵĸκԻ˳Ҳû
˿ȫԽλȤֱ㽫ŮӲεʬ嶪
һ׼ʼڶ١ȴԶҽкŮǵЦ
֪Ҳòء

ûʲô˼ϷɣԶߺ

ððܷҲ˿׽ӴŮӦ
һճԡͬ˳Ѩһ
ɢӣɱܵסӲȥֻûͷӬһܣл
һЩľܻسж

ܰܰܲľǵӴ֩뾫ǼЦ[ ϵԴ
ۺ] Ϊ̬׷ܵǡӼ׷һ
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ȻܡȻЩûӵĵ͵Сһͦ
һ棬ޱһСһȦǽŲˣ
İΧºܿܲˣֳ岻ǽһЩ
ȥֻùġ

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ĵľƺܿ㽫еľˡϵǲҽŵ
ֻܣɸֲܳԶͱ
ߵĻǽסȥ·ܿģЩȫֺͻǽ֮䣬Ҳ
ҲǣǻȴԽԽϢ˲ͣغ濾ǡ

˹¥Ĵǽ֮Сʱ
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һ°ȥŮβʹϺ͸ڵƤ¶ļ⡣һֻǰצ
ͬһѲ͵׵ظСﻹδɺԵѪҺ
һҧȫ˳촽°ȾѪѪ졣

ԹŮϵ۲λ㣬߳һȫƷ
⣬תۼֳ˻ԭΡֻ͸̵ľ޴֩ˣ
ȹؽڴð棬ֻɫͫ۾ﶼŻ硣ɿ
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šֻǰצŮӸ߸߾𣬶Ųݵ֩һ
ȵѪɴɵĴ˿ӿȫĿСֽŮ
ĸγȥĲֱԶԶӵһߣֱһ
Ŀɿرƽȥ



ȴ˵κȺУǾ޴֩ͳʹ
һƽˣԾӸµĸӵ档˶ڰ
үԼҪЩֲֿŮ֡

ߡΪҲ֪𣿺ǺǺǡ֩и
ӦԴλõļܣ֩뾫ȻҲ⡣һéǰЦ
˫ֲֻǰצǰһӣ¡һéݱһ룬ֻʣ
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ࡡ©֮ءԭһжŮŻ
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Ҫץȥôʡһת⺢һûʲô
Ѿץùˡ

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˰գһֿס˲ӡ

ŮӺѣʹšЦҪ˲źóԡ
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Ůϸϸ׽¶ȥŮϸһ⡣ʱ
Ůӵ˫ȡ˫۶˸ɾֻʣѪܵİ׹ǡ

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ھͺˣһ~ 

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޵ҲԣǷͰңͷЦ
ҳԶôʣµĶ԰ɡ

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еҲǰЦҪȥץǸСʣµĶʹ
ţ֩뾫ȫͽ͵ģһ˿סᵽ˰С

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ء

ӵĸĸʧɫڵϲסĿͷġһת⡣
ధūҾҲ֮ġǺá͸һλᡣ
⺢ӵɡ˵ţӵ˿ȫɿˡ

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ţҡ˵ô

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ĬĬص˵ͷ

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Ͷְ˽ӵĻֻŵһ㣬һ߰׻
ϡ

Ӳȡ˿ӻĥ[ 
] СסӲͦ
һץסӵԼϣʪʪһƬӱԵ
˳εʩɵ˵ϡιϷƨ΢΢̧
Сס˻ڡ

ǺǣȥôȻһЦƴͷͦ


ðءҽ㿴ӺζӣӦô

붼û룬æҵĶӾ׸ˣСɣ

ιʣĶӣľͲۣ

۲ۣͷҡĸ˹һ㣺ӽôԶ
ԣֻӳȫС

һ˵ֵùЦԺĸ׵㿴
ɷ׸ҵģɲǿӴûҪɱ
Ұ˵ţͫ˫гȹһסк˫֮ۡǰ
µкͬ˻һˡϱӿ־彥˳ԡ

šɡ㰮Ӵкеôഺ
֣˵ֻϾϵСſӣ
ȥкҲæӦҧһ

õܵܡš㡫Ŷһ欵ħ
кУкԹԵָӣĽ֡
Ŀкķ̣һͲˡˡúӣ
ŶԭպϳһߵĻ΢
΢ſһεδҺкҲѰѳֲס
룬ͬʱǿ֮Ѩæƶƨɽ׼šѽ
һУк룬ͬʱǻڿʼ˾ҵ䶯Ħ

㡭㡭̫졭СкǸмܵס֩뾫ҵ
ȡ[ ϵԴۺ] ֻһ֣ౡһɹŨȵĳ
Ļͻ֮ϣ˲Ҳ˸߳
ϰ޴֩嶼ڲͣޱǿҵĿ
˫סкز࣬ڱ֧ܵſӣ¶Ȯ
һȥҧסкĲֻཹཱུ𣬰
ŮӵĿ޺ĺؿھкѪк
侫ͬûоͷһֹͣļͺһ˫ͷĶߣͬʱ
Լ

μʼͣкЦҺӵζƺء
ֵһڳζ

ɿ죬УһŶԶˡҿɲ㡣˵
壬ͯΡνӴյ˿ţʵѪ
ζſ죬׶һ㣬ҧסͯĲ

ˣͰھ͵ñˣæͯԼȥˡ
ѪѪһ·ϡǺζءЦţ
һסӵ죺ӵѪӴǲǺѽǺǺǡ
ǸϾˡ˵ţӵڣҲʼ
ĳ彻š

һкȫѪ㱻ˣ˸ãֲŪ˲
ŪССߡۡ˵ָֻһССغ裬
ϸϸƷ

ܿ㽫ͯ۵Ĳֳ˸ɾ߳Աߵšζ
Ǹúءͯĸ˳ŲѪ˸У
ʳԽٿΣȴֻϣӣ
ǡĺؿںСҲͬţ糤ˮ
ſͬʱȡӵ֭һӵĹҲֻʣƤŹ
ͷʬ塣

ûԱءӣ죬µ

ⲻֳɵĻһôһһɡδӦһ
Ůȫһ仯ֳ˾޴֩ԭΡ

Ůļħвֹ֩뾫ǰһ
ײ˰ӵǽڣһһҧסŮӵ°ͬʱ͵
һֻһŮӵ屻ϳأӡѪ
һءһ͵𣬰屻ǽ˸С

һʱŮˡһΣԲĴ
طɳ˴Ӣǰζ̵鰡ô
ȥԣԷŶ̻ޱ飬ûʲôóԵġ
һͷ˵ˡ

ˣǸûȥˡӢһкŮ׷׼ϵ·áֻ
ӢһָСǵľ޴ɿתɳ
Ϸ衣ӢһĻɳ׷ԽԽ࣬սСȫ
档

Ŷȥڵ֩뾫ǻһһ󴮺ͯ
ϰգϻɽ˿ȥˡ



˿УŲ԰׵Ĺ⣬糣ҫž޴ڿռ䡣ֻ
ڵƽΪͬһʮصĿ

߸Ϲλε˿黥γһ
İ˿룬а˶ߣһţ
˿ͷƤ顣Щ˿Ȼأѹ׹ȥм䲿λ
˵档ϷҲ˿룬˿ţҲܼؼһ·
ƯһѼСı飬Ө͸ģųɫĹ⡣

ǰһ׶ߵĸ̨̨ϰһųĸ߱Σ
ŻƤ档һ欵ŮбϣֳͷСֻ
ϸһϺɫ֩ͼ̺ӣ䲻͸⣬ȴź΢΢
ţڸǲ͹µߡź¶棬˫֮ϸ
һɫӡïܺڷһ߸ߵķ٣һ
֩״ķΡٿĹüĴһ㡣
΢յ˫续ĨɫӰֳĽë΢΢¶ͦ
³ݰ״졣ǺһĴ˯ͼ

һŮ˫ۡһ˿ɫä
ص̡

ڡһλ˴ӺڰֳΡֻȫŷɫĽ
Сŷɫĸ߸ѥŵ񾱡ӿľ顢һ
յͦԲλмһ˿϶Ĵȫع
ճµ°벿óһѩεοգǡ¶ƽ̹⻬С
͵ۣԳƤԸջһͷɢ㷢ֱŽŲ
ҡšһ̣һյյʢ˵
ɫҺ壬ĸǰһڲࡣ

˽˯˶ˣбڱϵ֩뾫Ӣ裬յ
Ѫһʵ

һʱ˽㡫̵

šӦÿˡӢ̵˽

̸ϽǰסӢһ۽Ӣȥ
̺˳ƻ˵ϣ¶塣ֻϴ
һɫ¡··ֻ£ιסǱ
ƨɺ洹³ĺɫɴһֱϵϡĳһŴ
״ƵĺɫϥͲ˿࣬һȫ㡣⻹۵ģ
۵·ȫ͸ֻؿڵλ׺мɫıʯ
һɫıĽ͸ᱡĲϼһ
šľϰľ顢ͭǮСΡ͹ͷԲĶ껹
εĳë˽ܲλڵ¶ţԵޱ޺ͷˡ

Ӣ̲ǰź˽һݰɡ̵ͷ
ǡֻ˸˿һָЩ붸Ȼȫѿˣÿ
ɫҺ塣ֵҺ徹ȫ͸ʱͽ
мͬһ޴Ӿһ㡣һζˮɢ
̼еҺѾȫɣ˸ЩƼȫɢ˿
ˮзɳһȫ̵Ķ֮С

˿ϣȥ·¶˵塣ţ
ӢȡӺͷΡȥ͸º˿ֽ࣬ٽ⿪һͷ㷢
ٲк

㱧˽ȥɣ˽붯Ӣ迴̵̵˵ͷ
䵭ĺơ΢΢һִӢĳס񱳣һּס
Ӣ䣬ùķʽ§ǰӢһЦԼ
ȥĥ̵飬ǵйɣһ͵Ť

㣬𶺱̶ˡü΢򭣬һ˿
ֱɵ춥ס˿սŮһֱƮǰ޴
ϵˮԱߡ

Ӣ̵ĻȻ̲ţŤ̤ŵһ
ֲ߽ˮУҲˮӢӾ˼Ȧˮλ
ãˮСҲˮбһԡպҺӢ
ȫ

Ӣ轿һЩûĺͯܳɾҺ
軹治ءֱӳԵе㱩ˡȻžҺĽݺ
̵ĲãӢƤƺøӹ⻬ۣһ㾧Ө⣬ȫ
Ҳ΢΢˺ɫâͯͯŮɵˮ
ߵԩ갧Ⱗ֩뾫ȴô

̲һʵҪмСɰźô

ԡӢͷֵмҲźź㡣
Ӧüʱˣˮ˸ֻ
˿쳤䶯ţȿֺԶһ֮[ 
].ʱЩ˿Ű˸ƨͯһ̷˳һֱ͵Ӣ
̶Ůǰ

ͯʼһֱšˮϷ󿴼ˮоλ
Ůӣɵöˣһʱ侹һ۵С
̧ͷӢߵڨЦһ㿴ЩӣǺɫ
۾ֱˣǻӡ̲Щڿ͵Ц


ʲôһʹһкŬعʵ

վζ˫ͷкӵǰһָ
ţһ߬סߣһ˿ɫäص
ǶǻӡӾͱúͶΪͷͻ
ħ˸к񶼱ÿնˣԼͬĬĬص˵ͷ

ɻӢߣʳָ˹ֻкϵ˿Զ⿪
ˣȻŵͯǣһֱŮһֱͯ
ŶŮߡӢָһ˿ϸؽһͯס
ſӣؽӲͯ˿Сһ
Ҳ編ƣסһͯ˱

ֳͯŮߣŮؽ˫ſ
һͯˮУַ覵Ĵͷϸ
Ūͯһһţ˫ָ֩뾫ְָе
Ե壬಻ͣ֩뾫Ұ˶١Ů졢ͷ
зڳȫͯ˽ȥ

ѽӢ豻д˿͵һһ˫
һԼϸһ߬סߺͯߣԱ
ҲȻǶ⼸ͯķ̸о⡣ܿ죬˱
ͯܲˣϰʧȥѪɫ͹ͷ͵˼ޣ
ŮӣӢˣĵһЦôҪ˽
ôǾСɰ˵ţ˰ס˿
ͯĹͷϴתסۣɾͼꡣ

ͯ￸ס޵Ĵ̼Ȼ伹òˣһ
۵ԽԽࡣȻ۵˼ޣͯ˵һ
ܿƣ˵ҪˡŨȿֺر
ۼ

Ӣ貢ûⲨػζһɹ
ĴɽӢϡӢͯġԡ
ֽϰ߰ߵҺĨһԵ̼״ҲͲסˣ߶ǰ
ͯҲ˾ҺûͯͿĨ壬ֱӽоҺ
˸С

óĨ˵ǺܺõĻʽӴӢ̵
ȴϲȺȥӢЦЦû˵ʲôŮԵĸ
ͯÿһʱֻһλã֤ÿͯȵեȡһ
ͨڵſˣŮӵ˵ЦͽŲд

ǿͱ͵ءü¼
λ֩뾫[ ϵԴۺ].ŮӸСǻӳ࣬
媹ȪϴԡȥˣŸոջֻ϶żΪԸջԡ
ۣ޳ɫ˿ȹ涼֩״Ļƣȹһֱϵϡ
ȫ¶һѩ񱳺ͼһֱ쵽βֳһС
졣·ǰ鵽ҲȫοգĶӡѩ׸һ
šȹ°һ࿪һֱϣŮǽŲƶ޳˫
Ҳʱ¶һ¼ۼȷӢ
ͯУгѽǿ쿴

ء㣬ҲȥɡȲضü
üͷ˵ҲȥŮӶһ˿ڴ
˿漴սǶһֱǣˮϷ

ͨͨͨͨͨŮԡ۶ѣ׷ԾˮСǱʮ
ᱡԡ۱ˮʪü͸رŮϡǲΡΡ
˫顢ۻ١Բ̵ΰ껹˫ȼɭȫɼһʱ
ˮ鲨ĿϾӡ

úúȡˮУһҺֱȥ־
ϲֱӳСɰζءӢʱ˱һͯ
һͯǰسţǶˣߺЦһ
Ҳ˵ĿͯСЦûЦ·ʲôûһ㡣
βˣεӢ߱סһ첲ҲҪӢ
еͯſƤϲͣ鶯ͯٿ
áֶεҪԲᡭԼôŶˡҲ
ŪСɰ˽ҪſһΡ

ŶεӳдһֱԵĲ֪࣬Ӣ衸ſһΡ
ʲô˼Ȼô˵ǾհɣιȥҺ
ŪЩСɰ˵ҪЩ

ǵö׼Щü˵ĵŮ㶼˸
˿䶯ŷİڡʱһ󴮹ӵͯ˿
ŷ˳塢ʮˡЩ˿ɻˮϷͣͯȫ
ţ°ˮУڲͣţˮ淺һȦȦ



ǡǿʼɡü֣Ů׷εͯߣֱ
ϸѡԼʳ˰죬ѡһȥԼʮ
Ŀккϵ˿ȥסˮУ˫һ
ˮȥһͣ˿ˮϽһŵ
˴С˽§Ͻˮȴ³ȵ
븡һϡ

кһʼԺģڲֺ񰲾ˣ
һ˱ǿףָоԼһ˫§ţ㶨
ȥǰ׻һƬϸļֵŶԼ
ؿڣŵĶ˻еӲĶǰ䶯ţĴʹ
ǳƺȼСԽԽһоƬ
ʪӣᴥ˱кƫͷϮķ
͵һǾһλ׵Ůӡȥʮҵͣ
ԴһഺϢʹ˳Ѽ
žޱȵ٣һͷ㷢ˮʪȻ˳ɢš޷
ĿŮӾĽڼЩ̬ʮɬСû
ͬŮȫͬһ߽״̬Ů壬ȫ⸻
ԣƤ˿⻬Ҹ¶ǹġͦ̾
ͷžӨˮ飬·ź޵ӣٻϸϸƷ
ǲ˼ϸ֫°аװۡˮа¶
޲崿ɰݲǿҵķ̾

μкմؿһ֣ȴҲô⡣֪Լ
Եջжһθ֩뾫
ͯûһ˷Ӧӣ΢ţչͷȥк촽ӡ
붼ûҲſ죬һۻҺϢ߰
ĿǻڡкʦͨԼͷε˵Һ
ԷĿС

ġ˲༤ӣ̧ͷкȴ
֮ǰǡʳָкĴϣȻһЦ
С˵ţкƽˮϣͷ
кĶͷʼһһǹȥǱ˲ӡؼ
λáһЦۻïܵëԣСסк
ӲͦſкϣС㿪ʼ˱


εɺ죬кĵͺһ˫ȭ
СļⶼˡԼһùǰкľأǼ
ȡһᣬˮϣк˸ۣС
磬ҲһεкѵȲˣȥС
ԥؽһѵͷ˽ȥǻﶪ弡
Ĵ

ѽС硫γؽһ˫Ȳ͵Ť
ͷ˼Һ壬ȫкС˿к
ţС硫ԡ˼ҵΡͷٳԳԡ˼ҵΌ
Ŷ桫ѽһԭкѾתأ
ͷ˫ȼ䣬಻ͣعĻѨһͷʹ뻨
һҧŽ۵ĻкʪģҲ֪մǳ
ˮ糱ˮӿİҺ

кȻ˵裬֩뾫βͣŤ
ŷ˶ƨɣ޳Ƚкıϡסк˫֣
Լǰһ㽫˫ݽԼҰСν
϶صС磬Щԡһ㣡
ð㰡õӡ

кһţһҲػӦε㡭㡭ͷ
ʹεĻȥΰţС硭
塭һ¡ֵԡСˡ

һкϡԼкϣַֿ
ԼҺҪк͵޵뻨֮ڣȴеһ
ǿˮҲŷ˲ˡŤͷһӢһ߽
һ߱ܿͻΪ̬

Ҫˣţƨȥк˳Ĳ
ûʼեȡעӢȥֻӢ
ˮߣ˶븹߸¶ˮ棬ֻҲţһͯſ
εϰϣ§ĸͷž޴飬ƴʶ
Լ۵ƨɣؽšԱˮվü[ ] 
һ˿߰һкŵӢ
븹Ϸһ븹зɫâĲλļ׿Ƿ¶
渲ŵ塣ϳһʮεѷ죬ܿҲ˿¶
ǻѷԵڲһ˿˿ɫճҺ

ǡδû˵ĳ棬ɵÿˡֻӢһֳ
ͷϴż˷̵ֲЦݣ˵ǽһ˽
ԵСɰӴôüŽɡкƺ
صطȫͶü˿ܲͬ˹һ㣬
Ҳ˵ֻԼ½Ǹȥ
ǻԽԽ

ֻһžߴ죬кͷӢ븹ϵⶴҲ֩뾫
ֳ̬ڡӢ谺ͷһֵü㡭
ŵ塭üӦǣ㡫˿˵
к嶼Ӣ븹ϵǻ֮ڣֻʣһ˫СȻ
档кӢ븹ȴûиеѣֻоȫ廬ǻճ
ĤѹදţһʼĿ־˿УСȻӲͦ
ĲͣҺһ˿ֿʼᣬ𽥽кӢ븹а
˳ʱкȫմɫճҺҲǼõ
顣γ״̬˼ӣüֲܿ˿к
븹УһֱӢ븹ڵɫâԽԽ
ȲϻӶѨͬʱ̼ܵһԽԽǡ

˽Ҫˡ졫Ӣȫ˫ֽ§
齻ŵͯУͬʱߴšüæӿк븹
Ƶʣʵ㣬ʲôʱʳӢʱѱƽ߳
ϡ졭ˡ˽ˡͷŽѨס
ͯӹʼ䳤һӾס˹ͷˮزբһй
ϸ΢ķ϶ͬʱһǿӹڷſϵ
ͯͬ˼Ѫɿ鶯壬зͳĺ˲ƨȫһ
㶨ȫͣľҶ

ѽˡüӢ豻ͯӳһ鲻Խȫ
[ ϵԴۺ] §סֻͯϳɫָ׶̽ͯ
ĺѪü״к˿ˣ˻һȫջԼ
ųĶСкû˿̿ʼ³ͷʼ
Ӣ븹ϵѨһһ˽ȥʮεѷҲպӢ
޴븹øӹǣӨӨϹ⿪ʼͣ䶯

ͯƺߺ븹йĽӢˬޱȣͷ
ٿϵͯһһֹ侫ȫҲɿ
ɱήȥֱƤͷһ㡣

Ӣ˺һͷһͯѾˣһЦ
ͯ棬ʵ˽ĸоôһж˽
Ϊ˽һְɡһסͯ죬༷ǻСֻ˫
ϹһͷһǰĿԽԽֻͯһ
ҽУ֫˳ͯĺһ¾ǻڣǻзɿƿ
֯ҵֻǯסַ࣬ɿӢĿ±
ΪĶСࡣ

ءӢֻԽһһͷ֪ʲôֱӽȥ
һѪ֮⾹ûжѪظ˸ؿڣ
ʡ˽ءü״Ӷ˿һɽ
ͯʬŵӢ븹Ϸһɷɵͯһ
ס͵Ӣߡ

Ӣȴûȥ§üͯһ븹ֹͣ
ųǿҵɫâ븹ſ˿ӣһѪͷǴ
нð˳ǾǡعǡʱһǼܱӢų
⣬˵һµˮСӢǺЦ븹ϵѿſˣü
ͯʬ˽ȥӢ˫ֽӹͯ˿ͬʱѹ
סͯȫһ֮ʼһֵեȡ

ӢһбξУֱöЩԡӢ跢
ƤգһµضԼɵһЦεܾûôԹ
ˡ˽ҪԺܶŶȻкϷ㿴ء



ε˵ͷһкź¼ȴ㣬
С׶Сûáʳ
ֻСꡭΪֻô͹һΡ桭İɡʳ
šɱ㡭ˣûʮСɰιġŶš

¼˵˵ţĿȴԶ̶ŮȥˡֻǺ
ЦѹϣȫͣŤҰ顢С
ԼԲĴȶ̵ͬһ岿λŲͣŤĦ
˫ƾ§᲻ʤصá𡭲Ҫĥ
ߡ

̽㡭ǿڲӦġʪ͸ˡ˵ҪءӴ̽㡭
˼淨ô˷ܵЦŵֻɰСҲ̵Ĵ
ߣ趯ԽԽ죬Ĳ˾ٲڶŮϡ
ʱҲһ˿˿Һε̵֮ϣ
˵İҺһ²һȥʪ
һƬĻһߡ

šʲʲô淨áǻ࡭Ѿƾ
Ľ§ס񱳡һָ㷢һ㷢֮¸
⻬ůıʵ

ٺ١ƺöɡҵĺĽ㡫˵ţϰѾ
һ̲̣°ƨ΢΢ֶָƬʺɫ
߲¶ʪ·ðʪȳĻڣͷԱһ˿
˸ۣšż˰ɣ

˿Զɿ꼱æֽŲ󡣱˿ŵʱѾ
͹˶Ůɫұݣ̼ȫѪҺͷＯС
ͨ죬ǻȻ͵ޣƳ˿ͦ
ͬоӲöЩˣʲô汼ֹ
ӳȴҲڡһȵĵط˸ա
ǰǿȥŻӭ궴õڡ

д֡ѷѩһžһѹ
ϣηס´Ū÷ϵ⹽ͷ϶
ĴҲ̲סĵ÷ô
ȵӴ㲻𣿡ʹҡҡͷЦˣƨɻƶʹ⹽ͷ
ơֻоͷݣȻ䱻һ
󲻳ĵطޱȵĳʪеԣһֻС
ǡסˣĴһ޵

˻ˬˣǾͿʼɡ
ɵסŶʱѾԣ˵ȥ롸ʼʲô飬
Ҫסʲôһץסʮ⣬ذڶ
ɻû鶯£˻ڲ¶Ⱦʼϵߣ
˹ȵϴˮ֮С󾪣˼˳ڡ
û뵽֪Ӻδ˿βƾô޷
γ

ܲˣŸտʼءЦס
ȻҾͰڳ˵ţһ˿
סȫɫâ¶ȼߣΪڱ
İҺԴ߲ôû졣ڱڵ
Ҳ粨˰㲻ͣ갡һΪ
¶̵̫ܣһȴΪˮ²ϲĦ
͹ͷޱˬĸо죬СһһҪ
ɳڱΰס˸䲻ֻܱؽ

áڸʲôѽߡеĶءµ
꽿ϰˮ齻ڣ°ȴÿ
˰죬ʵѾʷǳˣҪʲôο

ˡĽ㡫ʱɵŵӴһЦﶼֿ
˻β˿ʹ޵ķΧڻ
˾ⲻͣ䶯Ƴڡ
ˬ˫ظов԰ΣͻȻȴеǻʧȥҺİ
һճɵɵؿȥֵòʲô

ֻѩĴȣһΡ̱
طֿ˫ȣƨҲ̧ƻЦţæһָ
΢΢ԳһĨɫĳʪϣ߷ֿһץסӣ
ͬʱս˿׼̵Ļڱ˽ȥַɿس˰
˿

ѽ̣͵ظоһ̿ȵ
ؼԼϸʹܵݺݵͱСѩ룬
κȵﶼǳСοһɵù
ļֱͦӹȫе˽ȻһեȡʱѾ
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һؾͷûôҡȴʵʵĻײ˱ɽһ
ֱӰ˸߳ȫİҺ
֮ǰھͱﲻסҪ侫ˣһ˿ﻹ̵ס˲
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ס㡭桭ѽѾҪʧأĻ
˵ˣֻ೤ĽдԼޱˬĿСֻ˫ۺȫ
ȫɫâͷҲȫ˷ɫ[ ] Ͼ
ͬʱԵ˷Ӧֻ嶶ͣ
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ϴ߻ȫ٣ȫӪʲϴ߱ڣԴԴ
ϵЩַɿش⣬̵ӹһβ
ʣȡӹ֮ڡֻоһûоͷ˿߲ͣش
۳ͬʱԼҲԽԽ

ǳҪ֯ȫתɾҺһԵȥע
ࡣټӹڿֲեͬһˮӺ첻
ˮλԽԽ͡ƺŲ֪˶ãԽԽԽԽݣ
ȫһ㱡ڲˣһ߱Ƥ
Ĺͷӵȥٿ̣ǰ⻬ޱȵСǵ̥ͬ
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ߣ˵㡫ȷʵ͸ˣ֭Һ
ȻԼԼһЩȡ͸ЦȴԸϡɿ
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ˣɡ̵Сָ˲٣ӻ̥±΢͹ĳ
ȡæ˿һ꣬編ƣʣĽʲô
ƣ̵ɡӻûȫԭء

ϡƽϣǰ֮ϣǷ
βװˮƤҲΡΡļѹ

һָϣ¶ɫ
£ūҾͺˡ˵ţһץסһֻƶԼ
׻ϣһס΢΢һ
ЦūһֵġҪˣô

ഺڵԡŮȤͿǷǳǿҵģټ
òˮŮӣʱںɶ
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ȴԽԽǿңǹǡֻͬʱһ
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ءҲġôɰĺӶһȫ
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Ǹɾûôùˡͷų֮ͨһһ
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գ˻˻˻ļµȡͶҺ
˫£ڵļɿ߽֭ȿֺؼң
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͸һ˿Σյźţǳ޷԰Ρ

ܿ죬֭һβʣ븹УֻʣһЩʡͷԼ
һɫƤһӣһƲ꽹ڵʬŰ
Ŷͣһ½һµزסΣǶӱ̸սʳʱҪ
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ݣϸܵ˿ӶųѪӲͦ
Ҳðɫ˿ߡ

ƽޱس̾һһԵĿ
եͽʳọ̈̄ԵӲһЦȴˡ
ֱҲԼŸӣһ˵Ц̽
㻹Цңôʰ㡫ŮͦԲСֳһţ
Ƥһ𷢳žž죬Ȼҡ



׶ˡ۰˵Ҫʰ
̣ѹǶ֣ѹ¶á
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ӵȫ͵ŤŶ촭ȥˡҲ𻰣ʮĵ΢Ц
ȫ

ѽ˵⹤ԼСɰôüһ
Ըոһֵ꣬ö̫󣬲üͦ
ѩ׶Ǹһ˿ס̵زս˽̴ϵ
ŵԼߡ̱ͲǵƲ˵ӣָԤ˱Ҳ
ȥֻʵߡ㻹ҪʰĽô

ڵþȣǿǴҡͷһظĵ
ӴˡĽ㡫Ҳ

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ӡȻСǳȴʮֿΣ塢֫ȳƣȫƤ
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к˫֮һС˿Ǹְ׺Ʋ
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кƽ棬ȳɰſԼſˮУͷк˫ȼ䣬
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˻˻󡫡üС쳩˱һ
ſ죬ޱȵʺССļ˿ٵشת
־ȷضס˿ͷʺͷ΢һ㿨ס۵İƤ[ 
] һתֱӽƤ¶ۺɫ۹ͷ

šÿҵĶ泤˸ñءΪסü۷
⣬Ʋס˷ܱ鸡徵ϣæһξ촽
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̰Ŀ˫סк۾һ

ӲӲӲһͯɿر䳤
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šӵĹȥк߾ӽȫ
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üһסӲߣյǰţۡ
ǰԼеԵסСԴꡣüһ
˫ѩȻڽСģҲܷ˶ˣСкԴֲ󣬾ͺ
鹵֮һ㡣⻬ĴΪܣرסü
µĽ⣬ϸСȹסüӯյüḧк
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״ɹӡк壬ӽϣױ
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Ск֪װʲô˫ס¶һɫճҺ
ɢŨĹ㵹ü˫ϣԭһ޷ۡ
ӣҰʺɫͷŨŨķۺԵþӨ͸һһ̵ķ
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СкĴ𣬶˹ӣ˫ְһ˳ü
ƶƽ̹΢͹İ𪸹ϸεĿɰģ
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۽͸Ǳ޵ҺɫʮˡüֶָƬ
ſ¶ʪѨڣЦʣ㿴׺ÿô

ÿкԵ˵ţݺݵһĭ

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ϸϸĺëѼһ֪˼ֱΪǽëһ
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ǷĴȸڲʱüѨдһȺϢ

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˰ɡҪˣ

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кҲͲסˣַüеĴȣŨŨͯӳϡﻩ
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㡣ǿȥʮصѨüȴѵȲˡֻ
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븹СüɵػͷţСкûüгֻðǣ
ƴס޴븹䣬ʵ̫[ ϵԴ
ۺ].ü븹ȣ̽к̵
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ζ

㣬ܲҲҳ˹ʡüͷЦ
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̽ȥֻǶĽôֻø˱һ
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ҪؼˡüϲӴ븹
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湻ˣѨ䶯ķȻǿ˺üǿֱӰк
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գۼ㱻ʧüϰſˮУץ


븹ĺԽԽǸʲôΣֻ¶
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šһӹСȱɳһˣ븹
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ǸúӡüĸԼ壬滺Ÿ߳
ϣ˺һ۾͵šٳԡһɡ



֩뾫ֺͽʳ˺óһӣʮͯȫ
եɺΪǵĸ֮ΪӪǵӢ
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Һϸϴ塣һʱ鲨ĿϾӣǺһȺԡͼ

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ı飬ɽ¯֮ڣǱסĽࡣ߸
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Ȧ

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ŷǿ¯ں˻һ㣬ðɫֺ
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Ʈ¯ϷѿһɫҺ˳Уǽڵ
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кǵĲ״һҽֹͣˣкҲŤЩС
֩һһС뿪䵽ϣַ׷¯ȥ˳
¯һֱ¯ٿ߸кӣѱ߸ѪܵĹǼܡ

㣬ܸо߸Сɰ԰ת۾ûˡ
ü

ɲôȻҲĸˡüֻΪ
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㣬ǣβӢʵӢֹסЦ˷ܺϲ
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ڵôأͷԣʵ
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㲻ԣֻҪս


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һŽڵü¼ͻƿˣĺôҲ
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ӢͷŮɢŮæɢȥݾ
һǡӢһڵһָǽڵͺ񱻴ʯסһ㼫Ʈ
ͣӢָ֮ǰӢ轿߳һֻڵתԽԽ
죬ͬʱתͣһӽڵϱ
ӢСһͦǵһĻԲС

ڵǣӢоȫů[ ϵԴۺ] 
һãҿʼɡ

ŮȲˣæѩ׶ӣһ˿һ˿ȡŽڵһ
ʱ߸ߵ͵͵ڴǽڵǵȡԽԽСԽԽ
СʧڿСŮĸȴ͸һŽɫĹâ

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ֺǰ棻һֱ쵽ŸŶȻ棬γһߵļ
ʼ̣ͬһ˫Ȼĸ߸ЬǶ˵еøͦκͰ

ǺǺǡŮһͷЦüǵԽ
ԽǿˡȥҪ˶ֻⷽԲǧ֮ûʲô۽ǵ
ˡ¼ɲǡʱǸҲñǳˡ
Ӣḧ³ȣе㰮ֵӣȻԼĽ
Ҳʮֵ⡣ڵĹЧŮԪ°
Ҳͻƿˡ֪ʱٴεõɼұĸҲ
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˵ţĸҲڵϡ̺˽ڵƶ
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ľģĽҪӢǰ
ָӢ״ȵֱˡѽϻи߸ء
Ľˡʲôʱܸһ

ӢЦͷǲǿģֻ˳Ȼ˽
ǰͽƿ䣬ҲԵ˲ŵͻƲǣεͷ
źı顣Ӣ˱ˡ˽˵кϷ㿴ôϾе
ˡ

İСԣһкϷǰǲˡ
ҡӢֱֱʺϷӢЦ㿴ˡֻ˫
˫˹ǶɫߡǹǶѱϹһգʮž
ùǼܾ׷䶯ӢִӶʮŸ˿ÿ˿ĩ˶
ϵһõľ֮ϡһ˿ʱʧˣٿЩ
ɫĹһվԭ¶ת˼Ȧ
֩뾫ǹ°ݷڵء

ǺǺǡЩСɰŵʱȫ׸˽Ȼ˽ʵ
ūءӢƴЦü͵˰׹
ż֮Ǳ˿סԶǵūˡüһ˵
޲档

ȴ¼ѾͻƵڶؾˣô¡
ҿȫԸЩһ֮УͳƺΪɽ˿
֩Ů

Ӣһڣؾ˽ŸͻƵڶ㣬˽ͻ˵
ٳҲ١ǿȰ׼ǵĶҲһ¡
ŮԴϲӢӢһָʮŸūͣ
ǰúʰջȻضЪϢȥˡ
ūʾŮ˿ɵأس
ŽŤŷ̵ͦλضȥˡ



Ƽתۼȥˣֵµļڡȴ˵һգ
ɽµɽ·ϳһһӰֻǸ߸ߣ
Լиһװϡ˶Сӣϵɲ¶ʮֽ׳ļ顣
ͬǸ߸Ƥܹ⻬ûһëʺɫŨܵĻɫ
ëɲ»ë׵ĻɫβٿԴ滣
һǸ߸ԴģϸӼǿҲϸģ
ǸɫͷλȻ࣬߾ͻǾ

ѽôõ·ǿˣ߸߾һ߷ɿһ
˵ҵˮȰɣ

ɲǣɤ۶ðˣǾͷӦ
ҪĸǺɥ֮ȮƵĸ·
˵ֻͷֻǶţܲͣת

ɥ֮Ȯţ̵ģǴҲǻ䵽Ǻ
ܱסˣ߾߶߶˵Ǿһָ
ˮˣ򣡡

ǿȥȵˮߣ߾˵ţƫɽ·
ȥԽˮԽ죬һľդǰˮǴ洫ġ
ǳˮŮӵ˵Ҳһ𡣶͸դӰ
´µֻһƬïֲܵԿУֻżܿ
׻Ůڷ϶һ

Ůϴ裡Ǿ˲˺ˮ߾

ǰм𣿡߾ʡǾŶϸ
ˣӴСţ˵ֱˮҪ
ˡ

߾Ҳͬʮ˷ܣѹǽȥǾȴ
ǺϴˡƵſȥȲǳ˸ǣ
Ǽȥ滹̣߾ͬˣ˳դǰȥ
ѰҴţһԶˡ

㣬ֻӬˮǴ媹ȪģиȪϴԡ
ĳɽ˿֩뾫ǻ˭ԡ֩뾫Ӣ
դİϢϸŵӢ
档

ӢͷҲ˽ͲˣղžͰʩϢ
Сˣ΢ǵ

ƺأôã

ӢһЦߡ·ߣͶ
Ҳ͸ˣ͸Ӣ˵Ļ
סصͷǡһŮ˳ϰˮ˳Ź⻬
ȵļεε㻬䵽ϣҫͤŪ
崩·ӢûԼαװʹ
¾εͨŮӣһͣŮ߳˴ţͶɽ·

ǳˣϣѶڰغŵĶæԶԶĸȥ
ΪΣȴӵó֩뾫Ӣľ졣Ӣ費Ц
Сһ߲ţһ߰

ۿŮ˲·Ҳȥֻ·ͷһ߷
߷ΧһԺӣԺż߲ˡŮƿ
߷߾ûκλɾҪʩչȴǾס
ˡǾ˵ɵ̾飡˼Ůģȥ
ʱûˣǵȱ仯һ

߾еͣס˽Ųԭת˼Ȧʼ仯ֻ
һģųҡֽȣǾһװľ٣
Ϲߣ仯öȫ߾Դϸ
ģɫƤɫֻǱ䵭ЩǾë׵Ĵβȥֻ
˿仯ˣǾһܵǰ

˭ˡ֨ѽһſˣһòʮ޵Ҳ㲻ó
ŮӳſڡŮýǿмڣǾЦű˱ȭ
ǹ·ģʵ̫ȣˮȣ

㣬·ˮȡŮӳݺһΣ
߳һ߸ŮӣûױӢ衣ȡˮư
ԼȥˮҨˮȾˡ

㵽ȡܴˮưݸǽһָ
ȥҨˮȰɡ

ӹưˮױ߸Ҩһưˮ˹˾ͺһߺȣһ
Ƴ˫۾ӺͶŮǴһˮǿ˶Ů
ȻɱԵ֩뾫Ļ֪Ǵʲộ
ģˮ۾üĿ顣

λϣ˵кιѽӢôŲʵ

Ϲģ顣Ǿһߺһߴ

ࡣǵѽӢȴڰĦϹ֣
˼ֵλԶֶʲô
µİɡСŮܽʶλҲԵˡ

һоһ֣ŮǶ˼Ǻðʡ
õʹñˡ߾ɫԵضŶŮԵ֣ʲôԵѽ

ֱ⵽߾ߣֻһȭľ룬
ô࣬ƫƫܱ˴˽ʶⲻǾԵô˵ţһܰ
߾ıǿס

ǰǰ׻˵ԵǧᣬԵꡣҿλ
֮ˣӦö׶ǣͽӣǽһ磬Σ
Ǿˮһ˵һӢ迿Ӣȴֱߣǣ
½ڿ£ԼҲˣš硭֪ô
׽ѽ

ǾͰͲסˣҪֶֻЦһֻ
߬סӢСֵ֣ഺ䣬סţû
ӣؼįúˡȻӲܣǾ͹ˮ֮
ô

ǱҲǣ߾ڿˣ˵ʲôѽ
ءӢҲͷߵӣ˵ûءþ
ūŮ˵Ż˵㲻ıǿꡣ

һۣΪʱˡͬʱ˫סŮļһ
ѶŮѹڿϣ·Ů·ŮСֲͣ
ţȴĺĦƵġΪŮ
ӽЦӽ鷳ֱһŮ·˺飬
ֽС³¶۵

ӣִͦû뵽ĽҰҲ˵Ůӡã
㿴һǾӣȫһӣͦ
ֻȫ⾫׳˫֮ͬľһëïܣ
мһֳֺСǸ߸ͬĴӢȴҲϲ
룺Ҳиôлǲ֪ζΡ

һߵ߾ҲѰ⣬һдŶС̵Ĵֳߴ
СϲͣĦϱһŵסһֻ˱ĵ֨֨
濪˫ס߾費Ť϶нš߾
ȲҪٹض룬һ˫ס߷ֿʺ
Ҳſһӡ߾վô̵Ĺͷе
ĻҪ롣ȴ硭ġ̫ˣӡܲ


߾ٺһЦӻϸֻŸĴ󱦱Ƶ
赺أβͷһһ㼷Ļ
롣ʵ˹߾ĵǸ岻ȥġ
նԷԼ壬⽫ɽ̶ȵһٽ״̬
ʹ߾Ȳڳͨһ붴ֲȫ岻

˻ýˬ߾ȫ롣Լֳ
ԺһŮһ뵽֮ľᴥףξȻȫ
˽ȥܾûܹůʪȫĿˣ
һ˲侹оʹԶҲ뷨ȴ֪ǰ
ŮʵרԾѪΪ֩뾫仯
״껨ĳȻҲɱ仯

߾ϣ˫ֿס裬±߿
ʼ˶ҲӯţϷһ˿
Ц⡣Ա߻ǾҲӢ̱ӣӲСŮ
ײӢĴⶼ粨˰ֱһʱݶžž
žжŮĸ齻˲ʱǾ߾ò
ˡһۺͬʱסأϷ̶̵ƣ
ƵȻӿһǴѶŮһ߳ȻȡŮ
ΪɲŮųؽ˴֫һŤɾǲ
߳ֻüӿٶȣһʹﵽ
˼ޣŮȴȻʲôҪ߳ļ

ø硭硫ٿ졭һӡ塭ĳȽ
ס߾ź§סıƳЦڴߴ߾
ӿƵʺȡѵ˼ޣĻܼ٣жð
һɿ־У̶ֳȵĳŮ͸϶кˣ
Ůȴûһ㣡ǿ϶ǷˣԼԴ˺޲˵
ĵԶԼ֮ϣ

æҪγû뵽ͬ
סһ㣬˼ؾҲ˿ͷ󺹣ʹ
ûʹͷĳȫŤһŮӵ
ЦĶĤ

ߺߺߺߡЦŮ
ӷĻ˭ʱ䣬ŤʧˣԼ
ʲôϣǴһɽһߴͷ
ſһƬ޴֮ϡ

źߺߺߣѽôˣѽǺǺǡӻûء
Ӣ۲תεεشߴٻǾ

Ǿʧ룬һǡ

Ƹ˵ģѵͲˣӢһӣϵĻ[ 
].ֻ˫øӷͦʣ˺ͬž޴ˮ
ң֫ԽԽϸֻӯգβĽλȡȫƤͬ
̰֬ɫĹΣûһ˿覴ãԼԼֳɫơ
ʮָɫָ׼ͻһ೤ٿ仯ͱ
ĹƵļһбɷŵɫӰ
ֳĽëһе˫۸ӹǡҶüͬīʹգüϵ
һ졣̵ּǺͺӣСڡĻǸղǸ
ͨͨŮӣһλǿľɫŮԱߵҲ
ֳͬԼ̬

Ǿ߾մؿŶŮʶ˵Ů
һĶŮˡŮվӸµؿӢ
һЦǿʲôôÿô

ɵص˵ͷĿתضӢӢ軰һת
ñ䳹ǵ˽Ͱӿٳ˵ּ
ĴָʳָһڵĶʱ˹Ҳվӣ
ȴ֫ճסѡ

ǺǺǡֻҪ˽Ӳ˵ġҲԼ
ǵ΢ĩ˽Ĳ࣬˽Ѵ֮ܰեɡôӢ
߽߾һֻ۵㡣ֻ΢һ˫ײһͬ
߸Ьļ׿ʣǼĸ߸糤˽ֻ㲿ե
ǵǸһôκһ̵ס˽ͷǣ
Σ

ԷзɿǾֵܣӲ
ˡƴһƴ˵лᣡҲˣҾͲһֻ
žܴǣ

߾ɥµҲֻһ·ˡ˭أ
仰˵˹ؼ⣬ǾҲƿԣ˭ҲԸϣһʱ
ձʮΡ

ôưˣǺãˣӢ÷ϻ̽Ľֱ̤˻
С[ ϵԴۺ] ۵һҽС߾ûأȴ
ӢǣΪӹˣŸ棬㡫
Ӧһǰ߾ϣЦſʼŪ

Ӣȥϵĸ߸Ь״׿ʣСŲ˻ǾѾȥ
ֻſƷ𪡢Ử㣬ŵҲûһ˿ӲƤֺϸͬ
ָһ泤Ź⻬ޱȵɫָסֺſῨס˹״
һŵĻȣס˾

Ǿһû뵽ӢһԼʹ
һһ̧ͷ

ǺǺǣôı˽Ľ䶯ءôˣ
𣿡Ӣʮֵ⣬СŲͣػȦȦǾ˫ƴ߬ȭѵ˵
ƴҲģ

ͦӲǲ֪ͦáӢĽֺƤ
ֱӴ̼Ǿ⹽ͷǾۿԽԽӲԽԽڲˣ
ֳֺһͷԵסԼĶꡣ

Ӣһһ߹۲ţһЦмֹ޵ӣ仯
òȫǾ·ܵ˼裬ŭ㲻Ҳ
жˣû˵꣬ӢŸֳ˳ļ
̸߸һﵰ֮䣬Ǿʹʹ

˽Խ಻֪ٱµСɱȣڣ
һ˽Ĳ֮˵ţֻӢ賶˷٣һͷϥ㷢ٲ
ɢȫƷϹ⣬޹ͬϸ
ȴ̳һһξһԳһͦӣ
һ˿ԼƯڻǾСϷֻһһ
ҽǾס޳۸߾ٹͷ˫ֽţʮ˳
ָסŤޱȡָŤ͵
硢顢ٵ貿һֱ˫ôһ·
ˮкǾҵıݱòϳ壬ǻڵӲͦ
޶ȣѪöЩʹˡ

ߺߺߺߣôӲˡܺá˽ǰȻ֮ûءӢ
ЦŻǾֻ䶯ʱʱزŪ⹽ͷ
æ۾ͼͣػ£ƴžء

Ӣľ̬ӵ⣬趯ͬһɫľ
Լʹ֮˫ԻǾදŪҲǿҡ
һħԵĻ·𲻾䣬ֱǾĴͷ꣬
λߵǵģߺߡҿ˽ˣ˽Ľ°ɣԸĵģ
㡭˽˽˽ҪʪˡбĳЦģǺǣ
ղŵأ˽ǰҲһˡ·Ӣ
ڻǾԺ˵Ǿ޷ܣһֻۣһ˫
Ѿͫۡ

ɡ޾׳ӢסǾγһ
ܵĸǻȫڰգ˫׵Ƥҵز

Ҫ֩Ụ̊֩֩Ůء
һǺȫ͹صľر
ѪһһŨĻҰɫк
ɴɵȫûдӢ˫֮©һּҰɫ
Ӣ˫㿪ʼĳһֱϣʧС



Ӣӷֹͣɿ˫㣬
촽ζһЦߣôˡζһ㣬
ŨȻСٿǾΪݻ˾أȫ޷ά
ΣѾԭ̬һͷ׶೤ľǣ֫¶ŰɫǸ
ȫڲסš

ֹһԱһ˻У߾Ҳեֳԭ
Σʮ׶೤ɫߴǾһҲǶƤϣ°벿͹
糤̵߱޻ڲйо

㣬ô죿Ůصϣ̱ϵ
Ӣʵ

Ӣ̵ЦһߺߣҿƤӶͦġ
ǰǵɾƤƤ·һ֣
Цððߣ

ŮѶӢ⵽֮ϸһڣע
ҺûһԼǾת
תðһ⣬Ǻܿɢˡ

ôһʹʹȻҲ޷
ΣֵضţӢǾǰӣ
ԺƤëһ˫ɫⶢסۣĬֻǾ
˸ս岻ض

ʲôôܿˣǾŵغ

Ǻǣ˽ֻǼıܶѡ֧ľԭʼ
ˡ˽󷢴ȱûпԣĿԼĽŶ
ӢЦӯӯ˵ͽˡ˽ȥߵζ

Ӧһ߹§ס˾ë׵ľС쵽ĺ
߬סǸǾֻоһѪ˫ȼӿֱȫ
ڲ

ôѾ·棬ë׵Ǹһ
޵ӡëƬ治еء˵ôȸס
Ǳޣ˷һ㻬ססꡣҺӻ
˳ǸǸȫմʪԵøҡ

Ǿ֪ȥԼ϶ᱻŮɣǾ
ȫԵʹҵػӦתյǸ
ֻСסһһǸϸͷͬ
ߣһžߣһֵ̽Ǿصͺ
֫ϳ鶯

ùֵźˡһſǱޣ
ȥѩθ߸ðܰһֱߣ
ҺһˮھǵϡǾſ죬ֺ
ͷס

ǵͷֻȣ滹ϸ̣ܵ
ĿȻͷܱȡһˬһҧסǵĸ
°Ƶϸϸɸ

һߣӢ§ˮͰֵľ壬ϸϱס˵Ļ
ᱻˡƨɸţɰ
ſ̶סļԴŤ֮ǰ߿
һ͸ӢĻвͣŤת壬ֲļ˻ƵƵɨ
ӢĻġ

ѽšŶһ㡭죡ŶӢȫ㺹죬
۾⺱еĿСһʱ䣬ŮŮ
࣬γһ޻

ѽ뿪ǵ壬ſϡף
βƴ̣˫ץסΡΡ߷ֿſˮ
ð֮ȫ¶Ƿ˽롣Ǿ
вϴ󺰱ȥȥǲض󡣾
ֻǰצļϣ޴һë̺嶼
ȱֱƨҡδͦĺɫ׼ڡ
ͼߵĳӯСһֻһ
ŮһѾһ

ȫ룬Ȯදеĸ͹𶼱Ļȥ
໵ͺţβɿƵʱһԿö࣬žžžž
ͬͲһ㣬ֱH

ӢһŮһǼ齻ɵùһЦŪߵ
޵һأֱ˱ỵ̄һɡ
˽ȫȥô

߾֣ͬ岻ܿƣ߱޺ƵԽԽ
ԽԽӲӢſھԲ°ϣŰճҺĻѨס
˫߱ޡ·ܵ˹ͦļӲ߱ĥӢŢʪĻ
ѨڡӢ˫뵵߱»
ĴĵճҺ߱Ϳġ

šӢָһЩѨİҺھŴһȦ
ʪľ˸оһһ˿ڡȫ
˽ˡӢ轿ŵˣȷһ߱޶׼µľѨ˽ȥ
ÿһЩַɼ³һ㣬ôһһһһˣѨһӦ
߱޵Ĵ׳һ߽߱ͷȥţӢһ߱ޣ
Ƕȶ׼ڡʪ͸ŵ̶ȣɾͺס
߱޵ͷӢסֳͬͦľ
ͬʱԼ塣

ǡá˽ֻһ
˱ĤŲӢǻڣ߱ϻ̲ϴ̼Ѩ;յ
еƺֳ߱޸ſˣĤ嶼ŵƽƽġ
޴Ŀд֫ٺȫɺ죬㷢Ȼ
з͵˽

˻˻ֳٶճӤС
㲻ͣ˱߱ޡҲǿҵĿУϰ͵زס
Ӣֻ°϶Ӣ嶼òͣ
µ߶ŷ;齫м䣬Ųͣ˦ÿ
½ʱ˫߱޶Ѩ;ѨһСΣֱݺݵؽ˫Ѩȫ
ȥ

ꡭꡭˮӢѨͬȪӿճ
İҺĦһɹɰĭ˳ԼƤ
͸ʪε͸©ȥѨζ

šˣҪˣžһ׵壬
˰ϮӢ§ס˫ۺȫƷųϹ⣬ӹ
ſ߾ֱӹ߾еһ޷ֵӢ
Ϯ˻˻ţ°Ʋסؾ۵ĿѾ
ľءоȫһᣬ߱ͬʱţֻ꡹һɫ
͸ҺɵҺ·ûоͷһӢ岻ϵط׳
Լ

һߣͻǾҲ˸߳ſϣСһһ
ǲͣǾ֮󣬶ŮĶӶ΢΢湾ཱུ
ȫǶľҺ

ǡһξ߳סӢ˵ģس
һȴûн˫߱ްγ⣬ȻŪѹ
߱ޡžϱƤǲǻûˬ͸ѽ𼱣Ȼ
ټ˽еʱ䣬һֱˬҲˬΪֹ

ղһμ齻Ŷ߾˵ȻԸģҲܵ˼Ϊ
ʴǵĿУҽ˼µĴһȫͿաɥ
ȻϿ飩ûˡûˡټҲûС
˰

ǺǺǡͿˣԴѽӢٺЦ

ʲʲô˼߾󾪣һּ֮ٵԤӿˡ

Ӣʳֳָּɫָھɫ߸Ữ
Ѫ⡢ĸࡢġڵѽ

߾һ˵һҪȥֱʱĵﱣ
һ˿ȫˡ߾þȫŤӢ˦ɻû
ŤȦأֻӢ˫ϹһֲԼĿˡ

ţôˣǾͽɡǺǺǡӢЦţֱ
[ ] ԼҲһ߰޳
ƤĥȻ֮ٴμܣʼ˵ڶμ籩
š߾ԭΪһˣſеĲϻۣ
ߴ紦ԽԽȣһССԭʯ𽥱ŴŴͬ
ƣǻһһζ󾪣˴ڵ֮
ڡ

ҪҪ߾ȻܿƴӢ
衣šơһֱζ߱޴ԭտҲľСӢ
о߾ڵߣ̵ЦŶȻǿӹͻڵ
ơǱģǱ߱޵
ڣͬˮһɿس߱ޣвӿעӢ
ڻֻϳһšӢǺǿЦŻĴ󿪣߾ڵ
֮ڡڵֱԲ״С

ζ߾ڵ븹ˬ
Ӣָⶼ˵̹ãھϱֱ壬ͬѱ
Ůʿ۾һӣͷ˿
ͬ紵İ㲻·衣ȫðǿҵɫâ˶
Ѩ

һҲǾڵ뻨֮СŮЦţ
ЦڶѨл졣Ǿɥ߾ֵܰ
û뵽ǡûƳ֣֮ȴҪڡŮĿˡ

ƳУ˭ӢȻڸ߳УȴȻ
ˡƳСĸ֣һæʵ

ߡաѣα˵ǾȻһͿأȴͦӲ

ǣҴʻҲ˵ǲǣſֳּ֣
ָ׾ҪǸڡӢ̻Ƥæʹ˸ɫŻ
ѾʧʲôܶûˡҪ˵ˣ˽ǿ
Ǹ

߾æʣܸôӢ߰صͷţ
˵˵㡫

ðɡ˵˵߾Ҳ治ߣûа
϶˵ȥ죬иСӶǡϹ
ϹߥǺСҼҴΪԡǺСͽܶ
򲻹ҼҴģû뵽иͽܣǡꡭ칬ġ
ӣӸսһ֡ϺҼҴ
׽ȥˣû˴ӸʦܡͰǶѪϴһ飬
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˵ĶĺУǽأӢˣһϲ
òʵ

ǰɣǼҡ˵߾

ءءơأأ
ӢͷЦûЦ
ֻϣѩ׵Ľסزȥȫ
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չޣͣػζšӯ
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㡭㡭ЦʲôŴģɵЩ
£Сʵ

ӢЦ˺һڻЩЦݵ˵㶼û˵
ɮô

ԻҡҡͷӢǽתʮеĺ˰
˵ʮһԪδй˵µһĺ塣κֻҪһ
⣬ͬͬԣԪǸǿ޳̫ҽɰ
ӶϹɽˡҪץסԪ
ٳѪĸΡӢ˵ԳֵؿЦ

ϯҲͬϲޱȣġʮеͯ
ԪζжҪˮء

ŮЦصɽУͬȡŶŮĿЦڵ
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ѹٴˡӢֱӣ״οס΢
գ˫һθ߾ٹͷȫ趯Ľࡣѩ׹⻬С
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죬ĺͰʧ[ ϵԴۺ] ٹһཹཱུ
ˮҲֹͣˡֻá͡һ죬ӢѱֻʣһƤ
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һʣ㣬ɮʲôʱɽѽҶȲء

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ʱڲߵءӢ

ڴ飬۷ŹϿ쵽أ֪ɮ
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ǻһú¶ɮĴͽտɲǺǵġ

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Ƥѩ׶Ǹû˿ȥˡ



תʱ͵¡֩뾫ѼƽϺ˶Բߣÿ춼
ذɮĵҹҹɮѪĿʹǵʳ
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ԳסһЩ֣ҶͣһͣŮֹ
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ʦͷµʦߣ߰

ɮ˴羰ˣߣһһ羰Ǻã

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ζоЩԾǻǸϿ߳˵زǣ

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۾Ůɢ׽ԲصϷƺúܿ
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ɮվſһᣬаѰ˼ǽŮҹȥիƺ
в㡭Ҷôˣȴû»իҪǺ
Ц϶˵ٷôɽݷˡΪѣ
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ɮһʱôˣȴûע۾ŮѾԽԽ[ ϵ
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Ҳץǡɫ˶ʱʱıϾ
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ɮʮ񣬵ƶɮǶƶݷ󾭵ġ

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βӲǰĸˣԼֻصɮ
ɮһŮΧŲֲ˼Ӳλɫˣ
зʲôΣҲĶˡ㲻Ҫߣϰȴš



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롣ǰ̷ԱߵķϣӢ˸롹ƣ
ɮʩһ񣬸ߡ

ʲôˣԼĶ˸㡢˽
ɳڶİӡɮϸ̲ˣƺ
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ݵɮĿǰЦѽϡǲִټȷǲúիʥɮ͸
ӣȳһЩףǽûкòǿһЩɡ


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졣һߵʵǲáŮʩƶɮȸˣˣһ
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簡簡ץסɮͿʮûйĽֻҪһ
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ֻһӰգۼ¼ܱùͺͺģﲻɡ

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俴ЩŮ·ǰһæץһ͵ǰʹ
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еİ˽ܿһƬˮ档ͷդľ
ȪڣóıӹïܵĹľֻ
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ԼԼĿһӰƺܿʵֿڻڵĳҵ
Ű˽񾭣иӵɦ͡

㣬ͷŶüŰ˽Ŀ⣬ĶӢ

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Ůŭˣ˽ȴҲգƤЦĵ̫ˣĻʲ
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ѽŮһУ׷ɢοȴЦǸ

ŮŮǱܰ˽ȻǠ裬ˮȴǼ죬
֫붯ˮƽءŮ״Χסһȭһŵ
˽䡣˽ƤЩȭϸࡣŮ
ǶΧҡһһ㡣֩뾫æ׽㣬
ֻּ׽ס

ʲôѽֻκ¼һһͦˮ
˳ʱüҲƴȡԭ˽ˮԾ죬
ֱŮ꣬ͼӴǺںͮͮë׵ŮԲλ
ŮóѣСȼ䣬ƴס˽԰ȥ

˽˰죬ȻΪ˳ġæֳҲ
ߣץųݶң¶Ĵ󺰵߾Щץҵʦ
ȻϷˣӣԪ˧ܣǳʦˣȻ
Թͷһһͨͨʣ˵ţ߾ٶң
ŮûͷûԵ

ߺߺߺߡ㻹ΪռϷôȻҵϷȣ
ﲻǣӢЦŻδ䣬߸Ů৵һȫˮ
ôˮ֮ϡ߾߶֮Ůչڰ˽
ǰֻǽŤڳʩ̬Өˮ
ǹ⻬ޱȵĴɰƤϹ䣬ڽż⴦ۣˮС

˽ɵ죬ˮ¶߳ӶҪ
һ㣬ֱ߸֩뾫ͥһ϶ͰԵ
ߵɫĲϧȥϷ϶𣬸οǰ߸
ɫĶѷɫ϶ĳˣ¼ֱǹ飬
ľһɣųݶžһˮСȫµҲһλû
Ǹޣһ²Ȼ

߸֩뾫һŤ֫壬ѽѽصţɢ
˽ƽ˽Ȼб֩뾫Ǹߣ
˵ɫͷһѵһҪͻȻܱͷ
ѣıѾ֩뾫𣬴ԶĿ

٣֩뾫һȣȫӶɫ
˿֯һܵľŰ˽䶵ͷǽӼͷȾ
ܣҲ˿˽ܳһͷ
ؽᣬ˸ʺ˿𤣬ԽԽ
̹˿㽫˽ͬһ㣬ڵ϶á

Ů˳˽ǰȫһ˿ңСޱȵ
ؿŵϵĴӡӢЦߣʲôԪ˧ǵԪ˧
ֻҪ̰֮ľֻܹԹԵĳΪ˽˽Ͷ˿ס
ˣ˵ֻܺߺĺ

ǣͷǵֶΣŮӦһ׷ѩ
ͦŶӣ˻˻˻౵ؿ˿ʱ֯һžɡԲ
׷Χڵⱻ˿ɡ赲ĵİתۼ˺ҹڰ֮
ֻܿ֩뾫һɫâƺ˫ɫͫ
ۡ

ãǸϿضǹؼˣӢŮ˽䣬
˿ɡڸ߳媹Ȫ˿ȥ

ҵĺ磬¹ɮһ˷ɱһ
ּС·ϡܵʱʱͷһۡ

ǺǺǡϣѽϡ
ɮԶֻŮӣżΪ¶·ĸɮ
ɮе֣ǿȥֻͥŲţԼ޷˦ǣ
뻹һһ

գգңҰɮҵİţѾҪ
ܲˡ

ƳĪ°ǲ㣬׸Ƕɾ𽽻
ѡŮֻʮԶˣǰͷŮݺɮ


ʲôĲҪңҪ׸ңôɮһ
΢һ㡣һַԼذأʲô
㻨ＸĶˣɳܣɳܰ

ʱһ⻮ҹաɮлһٿʱȴգֻ
𹿰ݵվʦǰ

ͽѽˣҰǶɮᶼ
˳Ͻ㵽ָЩŮӵŮӼնΪ£
׷˺

ʦĪ£ģջӶҪǰɻû
ͷŹֵضɮղ˵Ҫ׸㣿ô
£

ɮ£ʱ˸֧֧˵ǡ
ȷʵ˵ˡ

ǲǶˣʵ

ɮǿƵͨ졣˵ѣƽʱԸɮڼαԼ
ͽһҪøӾȡư˰죬ջϸŵ
˵˾䣺ǡһ㡭

ʦͿˣղȻŭʥ
ģŮ㶼ģͿ쵽˻Բģ
ӣôôȡû澭

Խ˵Խʲô׹ǾǿС֮ɮίҲ
ȫ˳һҧ޵հհգ֪Ǹ޵Ĵɮұ
ҲóֻԼû۾ѽ𹿰һΣһ
ʹ㣬Ҳùˣ˵ڴϸĹӶͷ
ɮĹҽ

ɮҽһۣȴϿһΡ
亹ݴŲеһĻһĻƵвϻζ֪
ԼڻիʱȷʵǶ΢΢һ˿а߲[ ߣ
].Ҿһֶһ㵣ǣ±ղԼɸ
һ档

˼ţͻȻſˣһЦﻶ˽ֻ߸Ů
һ˿ңЦ˽ƶǰ׻
嶶һƬ鲨ˣ߻ްĴ·Ϊǵĵ
ˡɮһʧæͷ۾ֱͨ죬
૵زס

㡫㿴ѽǺǺǡǸ˶ءҿǡ
Ǻǡοɮֲ֧ĶӢ˵ʥɮ಻
ѽǸõĵطɡ

ߺߡͱ˺òѽӢЦŴȤ

ѽ㡫βŽŮһ󿪻Ц

üָŵϵİ˽һôã

šؽˮʱ˽Ҫͷ룬
ͷܿͻӢ侲´ָû
ɣ

ôᡫȥ׼˵㾶ֱԼĶ
ȥˡ

Ӣͷ򿪵ϰţŰ˽˿Ʈ˽ȥӢ
ʼƣŮԼĶȥˡְ

ɮڴĲ֪˶ãȻһŲ
ƺкϡƳϡ̧ͷĴֻճ
ľһŮС

㡭ʲôˡʲôɮսսʵ

Ůӵ˿֩뾫ʹѾͷصġ

ңɮֱԼĶ䣬æѹʵô
ңᱻô

ŮӴͳһѾµСѵԸ˿ģ
֩뾫߸ÿ춼ҪȥϴȪϴǲģʱ㹻
ܳȥˡ

ɮָּжᶼ𣬵ӷŮ
Ĵ£ƶɮû

Ůõɮܻ˼˿ȻһбˢˢĶϿ
ɮһ˿ˤ˳ϽŮʩһڳл

ǿ߰ɣŮɮֱ򶴱ȥ[ ϵԴۺ׷].
ɮֻŮӵСůֹ⻬˵ϸŮӣ
ŮȻһѾ߷ɫòҲʮֳɫɮʣ
㡭ΪʲôҪң

Ůڶһְһ£һŴˡɮ˽ȥ
ͨŵİԴȥɮظһ⣬
Ůĵ̾һͷˮĴ۾ɮʥɮ֪
ô

ɮϽͷŮʵǳˡɮһò
ʣƳˣ

ŮӵͷֵҸĸòˣҼòɥǮ
û취ֻ׼Ḹĸǡõʥɮɮշ£
顣ҽҸĸŵ԰ᡭԡʥɮҵĶ˰

ɮ˵һڳȷʵּշ¡Ů
ӽǰڳƵ˲٣Ҳǲ̫ˡʣ
ôأ

ҰḸĸ֮󣬾͸һӿ̷ԭû뵽·ץ
֩뾫Ǽģȥֽڿ죬ûңڶ
ʹѾͷҲܵģץһ۾ϳˡ
дƴҲҪȥ

աŮԣεպиɮ
ʩһ񡣶ת۾ܳɽһƬ̧֣ͷʱѾˡ



һ֦ȴ˵յ˰Ҳ˽̲ס
ԸɳɮԼϰ϶ȥֻܿص媹ȪϿգ
һ媹ȪյûһӰ߲󾪣æתȦѰҰ˽ټ
ܿҲɽµĶڣ㰴ͷ߽һֻŽգϷ
š˿׭֡ڵһ󣬷ּ˿һֱ쵽


Ͽ⹫ٲʹƶųȥˣ
ճ֣߽е

ãͻȻˣֻŮӸֱ˳ڴʥǰһ
ſ߶ʱֻ⼸ŮȫӲӵżⶼİɫ
ƤףֻС״οտ׶¶ꡣ׼м
ΪͺǵĵڶƤһޱȵ߱ıţ
յøԸСǰ˶;飬
Ļذ𣬱øӸͦΣ˻һ֮͹ͷ
ϴ֩״ĻԺζһŮ
ĸ״ȣŮҲצŮ
ֳϸֳ䵶̤ǰһϸָ׺ĸ͸׶צ
ȫָգȵĿͽ˽˿ǰҰ
֩뾫Ӣ衣

ߺߣץ˰ʦʦܻ˵죿ǵɫǲ
ֶ֪Σ÷ϻ߳𹿰Ӣ

㣡֩뾫ӺһΧϣŽڱޡҴ̵ȵ
һʥȫкȥʥŲæ䣡ʱ
ͷۣסŮΧһɱֱ÷ɳʯ
ذ

֩뾫֪ԼʥĶֻ֣ŲмΪʱʱ
˿ʱ䡣ʱʱŴźܿҪˡʥ
ˣðһ𹿰ͬһ㣬Կѵ֮Ƴ
֩뾫ȥ¡һ죬Ӳʯ涼ҳһ
޴ӡŮȻÿ죬ޱȸҵĳǽȫ
أ͵Ƥױһѿڣѷ֮¿Կ˿˿Ѫۡ

ʥһ׼⼸ŮȴӢ߽еʥ
һԣ

ƨţĸǸмڴֵģͣ½Ų
ӢϿ˵

ʥͨǽǷģҲ޻˵
㱣ǸʦΪ¸ȡ澭ô

˵ʲôմŭȴһ¡ɮ˼
ȡ·һ·ϲ֪ɮɮǷǲ֣ԼȻŽ
ħȴÿÿƫǸ˽䣬ԼǺۡ
ҼɫͷԹ۲죬ɮȫɫ

ӢͣסˣаһǱеôЧˡ
Ĳ˵Ϊ˾ɮɱҵȡֻ¡ʦ
һЩ˵Ĺ֮أ

סڣ𣬸߾ֻ¡һ

ҹĻֵ֮£һһŮ
ĴֻһŮһͷƴ񱼡ͷɮ
Ůӳ˿ּС·ܡ

ˡܲˡɮ֧Ų

ϣ죡Ϳ쵽ˣŮȴƺƣϹɮټӰ
ԲסɮһǰɮŮӽţһ˿˿ɢ
ɮıӡɮȻǸظص̣أ
Ҳ˲ʲôŮܲһˣŮӵĲ¼ӡ

һּС·ۿŻһ·СŮϲϣ
ܳˣǰǴ·ˣ

ɮȻҲ˾񣬸æӿ˽ŲŮӰһָ[ ߣ
] ˳Ŵ·߲Ӿ֮ˡļͽ
϶ҲȺģ

ǡ𣿡ɮѴѣﻹͬ
ľǴһһ㡣Ŵ·Զֱʮ
ӣһϲòŴĵӿ

ϣǸ÷ˡһࡢְԹɮ
Ա߻վλŮءŮʩһ񣬵Ů
£ƶɮûƶɮ˷棬¡Ҳ
ܴһ

ŮӱϲƱз·⣬ͷҡҡͷֻҪ
мǵūңūұҲˣ

ɮͷһȣ˵ʲôﵢ˳ʲô¡ֻʩ
һ񣬵أת˴·ɻû߼ĽŲʹ
һ΢΢˻ͷֻſǻһϡ
ŮӷɿɮͶְɮĻɮһʱӦ
Ůӽʵʵı˸

ŮŮǣŶӷ𣡡ɮ޴룬ѿ
ȴƺûѵŮһСصؿţһߵūһȥ
ɡءֻǰϴһء

ɮ֪ȷʵֻõðɣƶɮߡȷſ
ƶɮ

šŮӲŤŤӣøˣֿ޵ūҾͲ
ˣءʥɮССҪ󶼲ūôء

ɮ޻˵ŮǸǸƼˮ·ˣ϶
ƴѡǾԼĶ˰ɮӲĳֻŮӱ
˵ţҵľˣֿҪˣһ
ʲôʲô

һŮ̧ͷɮݣ͵һԭ֮ǰ
ħ֮ûüϸν߿УŮӾ
ŮټϹۣԵ滨֮꣬Ůֶ
һġ

ŮӼɮûƿŵʵʥɮܼūʱ
ū˾ġūⱲӾʥɮˡ

ɮ죬ٿŮʱɺ죬ߣֱȸղ
֡ɮﰵţСУŮֽʥɮ
ܱһôˣ

һɮǰûĶ˰죬
ڻ§סŮӡ

ʥɮǵĻūҵ˾Ȫ֮ҲʥɮģŮ
ͷɮػ칰½ɮؿһ¡
ɮ񱻶ҧ˰㣬ͷ󺹣ɿƿŮӣȥ˫ֺʮס


ū̫ʥɮˣԽʥɮˡŮӴӺ
ıסɮɮӷŮô˵ǹƶɮ
ȴûŮӹЦһЦʥɮת
ūҺô

ɮֻתŮĿԣŮӵͬһ㷭Ű
ĲˣɮĿһ¶̬ı仯ӵóŮӵľ죬Ů
ע۾ūϾҪʥɮˣȥ֮ǰʥɮ
ūҴһԸô

ɮ붼û˵˵޷ֻҪƶɮģһӦ
ˣ

ŮЦˣһӭš˶٣촽ͨ
콿ߵصūһǸƻŮҡ֮ǰѡ׵
塭׸ʥɮ

Ů˵ʲôɮ󾪣ΪԼˣһ顣
ŮӼū˵Ҳ˫֮ūϾҪ
ˣֲۣΪβܷ׸ԼĶأǷ棬
Ҳʥɮġ

ɮԥˡʵԼŮѾ˰
֮飬ֻΪһɮǱšŮ˵ƺ
Щ˶ҡ

ŮӶͷƺָơ΢Цţ֪ôס
ɮɵ˲ݴ

ŮŮӷ𣡡ɮʧƿŮӣǲû
ʮŮ飬ѽѽزϺʥɮʥɮ
ɮɮ½⿪ֳȥԼѡһֻỬСסɮ񾥣ɮ
ͬһ[ ϵԴۺ׷] зڡ
Ѿ˼ɴ۾˫ֺʮס𣬿Ǵֳ
ȴʵزϵķӦôֳӲŮӼ״һЦ
סԼ忿

ǺǡʥȫˣӢ֮ͨյ
С

ʦһ߽УʱɮŵƨۣϽ
ҿťȡ৵һ·ɵɮǰŮ̶㵽ɮ


ɮգϵ϶ȫˣѪ죬֪˵ʲôá
Ҳ˵ôɮˡɮգ
ɾôվҲǸ취˰ڱĳһ䣺աˡ
Ϊʦ

ߺߣʱˣʦǺ°÷̵˵
ɮȷտˣ˹ͷԿصǰҡ
㡭

ʦҾһ䣬Ԫй˲ֱ⡣

ɮæûûУڣ

Ǻã¶͵ûʦ߿һ
Ǽ·˵ջӶ𹿰Ҫǰɮ󾪣ſ˫۵סŮ
ӣ򲻿ɣ򲻿ɣҾȳģɱǶ
ɱҵŮӼɷģŵ۴
Ŀɮϡ

ƨʲô㣡￴ÿһ֪
ǴͨƭģĺͿ棡ջ
ðɣ߽е

ɮȻ֪ȴҲһ˿졣һ·
ԩաշ߻ˡڱͷ
޴ִԴȫôðң
ǳˣǰʶң֮¶ΪʦĴҪǾ
Ϊʦˣɮǲ֣ռˣ𹿰ֱ
ɮղľҪʹ¶֣æ䣬հӴһ
ڵء

գΪʦסְɣɮҲ֪Լֻ˼ӽ
䣬ϣͣ֡һסֳ
ŵɮæ䡣ػΣŮӼ˳һ
߼װһȴڰ͵Ц

ʦ˰׹ǾСȵô飬ôôڤ粻
ձڵϣ᲻Ҿһ䣺
㱣

ɮҿյӣ۾˫ֺʮӷ𣡡ΪʦֻҪ
⣬Ͳ˺Ϊʦľˣ

ããվŭ˵ĶԣǸ޵
ɮδٸҲɲ˸ͨ
۶Ҹӣαٱ㣬Hʦͽ
ȥҲ˵ӵʰ֦һΣ˵Ҳ֣
һ±ˣ˵ϡһʱϸ߿ʧ
Ӱˡ

գգɮˣʵҲգæߺ
һʮǧﻹļɮ۽飬
˵صհΪʦԲ㰡

ˣǻͷƤļЦ
ڱɮæʱȴǸŮӴʱѾģ
ɫɴϵسȹͷɫ֩뷢ΣҲޱȣһ
ؿɮɮʱɫҰףزˣɻû˼
͸еƺֳ˼ˡ

Ƴϡּˡ



ǣΪǳϡգⱭ

ϣɱ

˿ڣɫĻҫ£֩뾫ھףᡣ
ŮӢڸ߸ߵıϣ߾ѪƵ񱭣ҲƱ
ŮѪһ

㣬ٷǿħɮ˸ɵ
ȴɾץסˣ˴ıԶǣõľʱ
ݰü˷ܣԵ̾

ǰǰҲˣ˽ɳֱ
ץסˣ⻼ѳǸϿɮեɣȻɣ
Ĵ飬ˮˡŮҲ׷ױʾͬôɮ⡣

Ӣȴһֵȡ֪ɮɲܳ
ģŮɻ󲻽⣬˵һ˫˫ĿӢ衣

ɮɲǷƷǵЩ޷޸ץͿԳԣҪ
Ƶʱ뱣ɮ죬طĵơȻѡһ
Ͼ֮ʱԡ㣬˿ϸϸƷгϵĹЧ
ŻɾˣҲͨû𡣡Ӣ迴ڽã
ֵ⣬ڳɮ֮ǰǻóһ

ʲôŮæʡ

ǺǡǵλʦְӢĿ¶׹⣬ݺݵ˵
һϢΪͨܿͻ֪ץסɮΪбǿһ
õϢͻ˵ģ

ӵߣʲôĹѾ֮ˡҪ
һϣ׼޻أ

Ӣͷţô˵ĹҲܸߣҪ
ܰڵǿǴ󲹵ġһ˺ǴܣԷϹ
ǿɲһüֹǴ˷ѣ

Ů׷׵ͷǡü˺Ҳð졣Ȼǿ
㻹̰ɫǴ㣬Եûˣ


ŮһЦӢվţǾȥƻۣ
˶Ŀڵ˳ռĻƻۣǹвپ
ĵͯأֱһáŮϲʤվͷǡӢ
ֵūǼӽɶһ˶Ŀ˽Ҫǻˣ


ڶ죬λ֩뾫ĴһӢĴ˻ƻ۵ɽ
ԡŵĵͯһλɰ˶æͨȥˡһ
ͼĿŴӭ˳

ѽʲôӣ˵ʱϲȵֱأԭλ
ʦһˣλޱԸĵľɫһſڶĿǰ
ûй顣Ŀֻۻңһ˫ɫԵ۾ƺ
ˣλ뿴λλ뿴λ

ŮһĿ˸򸣣ӢǰĿ˼ˣʦһ
ɺãʦÿǴλһ߶ʦˣ

λÿĿæ֩뾫ýɽţ
ȥһһ̵ţϴӢڰ
ˡؾȻ߸˶һˣѵ˵ҶĿҪһ޸ˣ

ŮΨδƻۣһһϸŹеľº
Ȼֹвٵͯв߱ġΣ˽
һĶü㣬öСɰˡü
ζһЦҲ˵

ӢƵƵĿﲨֵʦְū
λʦ׼漸졣ʦֿɵðǰźӴ

ûû⣡ʦ÷ӶǣλʦôסĿһ
Ӣڻƻ۹ҹйŶˣЦظ
Ʊ

˵һһɽĿźŮסլһ
ϯʢ͡ͱƷһ裬ɫѾȫˡ

ɫˣ͵ɡӢʱ[ ߣ] 
ǿȥԼķӰЪˡ˽ʦסһҪ
ҹ̸һ

λﲻ֪Ӣ軰к壬϶ϷʵЦݣһǶ
ı飬λȤʦְɵúúáдǴѽĿ
Ͳһ䣬ϽŮ˸Եңһ·СܻصЯ
Ӣ֣˼粢һĿҶ֪ᷢʲô
Խ䣬Խ١

ӣˣһңĿɿزϷţһѽӢ
§˻һŴʹȥա촽
񾱡ǧ׾ڱһ仰

Ŷ簡Ҳ㰡ζεءӢգ
§ŶĿļɶĿŴһһ˺硫
Сʪ͸ˡء

Ӣ⴩żԸ˵·ϰֻһɵϺɫΧ
ʵ˫鶥°뿪аߣ˶ǰζ
ĨԲỬż¶ϵźɫƵƨ
¶ȡмƬƬѩ¶⣬ȫ¶ļ
϶׺֩ͺΡһɫ͸ۣ۵
˷ɼ

Ӣ·ﾭƻĶĿ˺ܿͱ˸
ȫֻʣǼխСΧǿϡӢһ⻬
ȵĴڶĿŤţĿա

硭ȥϰɡӢߡĿЦ
ҵ˶˵űһѱӢ󴲱ߣ˫һӢ
ڵԼѵĴϣԼҲ·ѹˣһɽ͵ѹ£סӢ
ְֻ׵

ĿħƣһץסпҶխСΧ͵һ
ʧȥػ͵һӾ͵˳ʺͳ
Ѫͦ綹鷿ĻζɫĻߡĿ۷·Ҫ
һͷһͱݺݵؽһͬͭǮСĺһ˱˿У
ͬʱסһֻ޷һյҾ顣

ѽ硫ร졫ӢֻһɵӶĿеǸ
ɿش֫ٺ壬Ϲγһ
ߡ졭ңʱӢ輱ҪĿǾ޴
οݺݵس

ҪƽʱĿ϶ȽӢһȻٴӴݵظ
ʵǱ̫̫ˣʲôȤʲôѹ˲ôˣ
ֻһͷ룡ֻ͵ؽӢĴ߷ֿ
¶˼ҹ۷ۺһ죬ӢҲʮϵ̧β
ȸм˸žӨˮ⣬·ڵȴɵҡûκǰϷҲ
ҪκǰϷĿ۰ֳסѺˮĵĻڣ˫
סѩ׵Ĵӣ˵ҵĴ˶ֿHˣ
֪öడβƶ֮
Ӹ£޴ĹͷҰƿ죬ȫֿ֮Ӣϸʹܵ
ֱȫ롣

Ŷͬʱһ߰Ŀⲻκμȫ
ǿĲɦӢѰ˼ʦ硭ô
˽ĶҪˣû취Ϊ˽
ءߺߺߡŮ֮ƷһΡɾһˣúáܰɣ
ôţӢ˿޳ȽסĿ
ƨŶĿĽӯšҲţ
ѽѽطҲĽдӣĿʲôλǻһǡ
ͬʱšëһԽԽסĿľ޴һ˿϶
ڴŶĿľγһȦۺɫ⹿Һ˳ڶ
ཻ֮Ħ÷ϸܵİĭ

˻滬øĥ˵ҪH㣡Ŀɿ
ذڶΣһ޾׮ƴ壬ȶʱʱɨӢ
оӣʺⲻͣعӢ軨ÿһĤÿһ͹Ӣ
Уŵֶˡҵ׸졭̫ˡŶҪ
HӰ𣿡

ٺ٣Ȼ᲻ˣҺ޲ԶôӵҲ
أĿЦţϼӿٶȡӢЦʦ㡭ƭҡ
Զū塭治ġǡԷ˯ô찡Ŷֶˣ

Ŀص㡭ʲôԷι磬˯͸ðˣ
ôӵѨ˯ֱǸ缸ĸݣ

ӢаЦȴؽŶĿţĿ
ȻǿȫĶͶȥͷſ֮ʧȥ˾ԣѹ
ûвӰ͵Ļ

ġҲ̫˰ɡҶܲˡεʪ͸
һԼ飬һ쵽治סؿŪ

Ǻǣʲôһǵĸ֮ˡüǱȽ
ѳֵסŷȵʦȷʵе㱾ǮҲ
һġ

¼Ҫһϰɣ

ǣֹһҹҲǴģ
üӵ

Ů˵ţޱߴɫԽԽŨʢ[ ϵԴۺ׷
] žžžžһײͣЪֻǶ
Ѿ˸ı䡣ԭֵĶĿ潻ŵƲò
񫣬סӢϸתһ£
ԵϾһѡӢ⣬壬޴ߴСѨ
뿪Ѩʱƺġ࣡һ

ĿͦȻֱָӢи˷ܵضѾŢҲ
塣ӢȻ֪ʲô˼εεصһۣƺҪ
ǼСϺɫͷĿæЦ㣬ӢȴҲæת
ſڴϵƣͷͷϣҲȫ͵Ŵ棬һ˫
鱻ùĳ磬ǻԲޱȵβȴ߸ߵľ˫ȹŷֿ
ޣƬΰҲȫſмķۺɫľջմˮͰ
ɫĭûȫպϵѨڣȫչڶĿǰɡ

ڶĿϰ棬ƨɸ߸߾ĹʽӢڴ
ջ˵ƣƣ̶ȵ
еļƷ塣

ʦ硭㻹ʲôӢܸоԼ
ŶĿ̰Ŀ⣬ֻĿ޷ģŤС
ζȲĿ롣

ĿȷʵǱǰ˶ޱҵľסˣһʱ
һĶֱӢѷŻعæϥǰ˫סӢ
ǲӯյϸʾֹͣζͬʱĿſ貿ò
޵ӢػȦһһУ׼Ŀꡣ

ۣĿһͦһƨȫ
ǻĹͷ;ѹȥǡžһ죬
ײһ

Ŀĺ󱳲ǰȥøһȫʵ
ɦӢ̧ͷĿµ˶̬
ԵȻ¶ޱȵԺЦݡһֿסӢ
ϸһץס⣬ȫڶɿسһʱžžž
ײ쳹ڡ

ĿǸںĴִƬ֮մ
˰ɫҺ;Ħϸܵĭúڰ䡣ÿһγ
嶼ӢŶҡڵҲһδεĴ
ϣҺɽвˮζ䵽˵ذϡ

ˡ氡ˡ硫HӰɣ
Ŀȫ֮ʱӢͻȻһУ
㲿˫ϥ͵뿪˴ƨ̧˸ߴȴ˶Ŀ
زԼڣ⧲˶ĿĿŵøϽ
γ뿪ѯʱֻӢ°һҵĶѨڼ
һˮ˶Ŀһ

á㡭˷糱Ŀ־ϲ
ԼˮĨһ΢ЦǰḧӢ񱳣
ĶӺЩô

һǿҵӢ˼ΣǰԼʮ롣
ӢĿЪϢһعһŶĿɧ
ǵ˵硭̫ˡӡоһ

ĿЦҵ˶ֻǳ׷ʦ˰ɣ

Ӣ轿Ĳص˶Ŀһۣ°ڳ˺빷ƣߣ
θˡɳԲءһҪ

һҹֱɫסӵ˯ȥ
ɫˣӢһɨֻ˶ǰ̬Ŀ§
лһʺ١°븹һ
ֳ֫ز븹ϵֳڡ

ѣˣӢѶĿĿ˯˳
һӢ轿ѽʦ磬ľ¶˻
ڵʦǳȥء˵ˣֲǽͻȥ
еʱ乲ְ

ĿҲǣ̰ͼֳٳٲֻ»ᱻǼ绨Сʦ
ǰﳰЦʦҲѴߣټ޵ˣӰ
󰡵ȵһΪء˱㲻󻶣Σ
ϴˣһݡ



ȥˣĿλʦðѻƻһȫ˸顣⼸
ĿӢֻҪһÿбضҪ𽵹һڷУɽ
СС߶ǼӰ֩뾫Ҳûƻ
ĵʽṹֻйдС˿̽һӢҪ
򼾫һĸߵĶĿľڽǲöԻƻ
ĵ֣ͯݾߡӢĿĻ类ò
ƫƫֲ͵йﻹ϶νǰצİ
ֻͣþȫš

ϣĿӢڷеš򼾫ֻ̰ȴ
ûһֱܵľ޴ѽƻΧ

ѽһͺͽӢкĿҲ
ŨȵľҺһͬʱﵽ˸߳һʱסӢڶĿ
ʵϣ΢΢ĵŪŶĿë

ʦãʲôأĿӢ軬ֵ񱳣ʡ

Ӣҡҡͷ̾Ŷûʲô

ĿЦʦҡ綼̹ˣ㻹ʲôܸ
ʦ˵İ

ӢһЦŶĿǺã˵ˣʦɲЦҡ

ȻЦʦð

š㣬⼸ôλСʦأ

ĿһͷˮЦԩҲˣ⼸ǰǰ
ΪλЧͰ

Ҳ˵˵Ӣ΢죺ôͲ
λСʦҲһ¿أ

ĿһһĲֱСʣʦõ˼ǡ

Ӣ贷˶Ŀһ£ߵʲô˼˼ֱ׵ȫ˵
ô

ŶŶŶĿһϲѵգ֮ԼԸʵô
Ҳû뵽ŬԼҪԵô˷ܺḡʣô˵
λҲд⣿

ӢЦôʦ緿ѰֲϹӣ
֪ˡңʦǷǲǺֲ
ֻʵ˵ˡǾ߶ʦ繲Чء

Ŀһжʱ֡ƽʱԼϹ˵öԺ
Ӣôһ˵͸ˡЦˣкѣվƻ
ۣǰ˸һ鿪ڴǺã

Ӣȴʦǲ֮ذ
ʱ仹磬ʦĻͰǶ߽һźʦ
Σֻʦûһߵı¡

ĿָӢ°ͣЦкξգ
ͰǶʦշЩ˵С

Ӣ˴Ŵ򿪣ָ⴦һϹ͸⡣һ
űƿˣӰ˽

ʦ硫ˡදĺüλ֩
һŤ˵õ߽˷Сѻʱ
·ᱡ򵥵οɴȹڲ֡

Ŀһ𣬸ϽӢ§סͷļϽЦţ
硫⼸λСʦøɫūҰɣ

ǰǰ߸е˶ҶĿܵõλʦõĴ
࣬治֪ǼĸĿ˲ϴ£ֱӳµô
ſ˫ӭŮֳִֺͬһ߰ĽŲס
ζţΪעĿŮҲ̾Բ飬ĿıǮ
ȻۺһĶѣҲӿһʪĸо

ʦ硫šŮһӵϣǰͬʱӵס˶Ŀ
˫ỬڶĿȫʵļĴŵü
ֱȥ˶Ŀ˽Ŀӵұͺ
ĥϱ̴ӣ߬ε꣬
Եü¼ֿ붯źţֱɾ֪Ϧ
Ϧˡ

ĿŲ֪Ƚλʦþ͵֮ʱȴӢ
ˣǱôӡʦ簡ŴȻ󣬵ǰ˸һ
滹ԵСЩȥɡ

߰ԼǣĿϲЦλͣһͣ
Ǳ߿ȥ찮Ǳһζġֵʦ
ôͬʱǼ׼Ƕιñġ˵ţӢ
趼򵥵һ·λôӺųȥһȣһ
ʮ־޴涼ŵĽǰ⽨Ļһһ̨ףú
ɣһȦӣһεݶݶ֮һ
ˮء

ƻصˡĿ˵ţ̨·ֱڵϣȻ
ˮУŮڳرߣЦɫԵصλ˶һ
ԡеҪ¹ۻˡ

λ֩뾫ɲŮӽʲôߣվڳرһſԥ
س¹ҫ£߾߾ɫ⣬ȫֱ
һ̺࣬졢ȸεɭȫɼĿ
ˣŮ嶼ݣָصвͬ
治֪δ߸ġ

Ůһˮˮֻǵ£Ťڿ賯ŶĿĿ
ˣںںĹͷʱʱնˣˮ档ָ
ָԼ޴⾥[ ϵԴۺ׷] Ц˭
ҪųӢۣȺ˲¹ͷ

Ӣĸüʹ˸ɫü⣬٬صʦôĿ
ѽʦǲǹͷɡ˵һֲ
ĿǰĿһѽ§ǰָü°ͣЦü
ʦҲ˺ܾˡø翴ӱǰûС
˵ü˫յӱ˿˵㡫
űһڵסһֻۺӲͦͷ˱

šʦ绵ˡǳءüһ͵
ڶĿСϲĥ༸ŮҲһ˹
Ŀȫ

ĿȤӢ裬⵱ĶõĹذܲ

ôأӢʡ

㿴ôˣüӻǱǼҪС˵϶
üѪʳ˿ˣӪ鷿ﳤôأĿ
Ц

ǰǰԻÿʦţ̰òӪءӢ˳Ŷ
ĿĻͷҲȤüʦ磬㲻üιüǲģ
˵űӣ΢ס˶ĿĴ죬˴һüûжص
Һ˶ĿĿС

Ŀֵ̽ü˽˷оֻһƬȻǲǳˮ
˫ץסüüȻ֪⶯ʲô˼̧
ΡӢָֿüһ죬¼ס۰ľ޾׼ۺɫ
ѿڡĿüˣ˵ӸϣüҲ
ͬʱС⹽ͷֿƬĵü֮
ڡӢĽǶȿȥüĻڱſ˼ޣԾ˵ĵԽĿ
иһһ㡸ԡ˽ȥ

˻һӢ轻ʱĸоʮͬĿֻüĻ
ʮĻƻŮҪխļѳ̶ҲŮ˳
ˮȫ϶üҲɾ

Ŷžһһ
Ŀ޴ڵһ嵽סüͷ߽еô
Ҫѿˣҵ׸ȣŵHüüü
ˬģ޲Ŀ鼫ĽԹ

ĸζҲеøˬ̫ˣ졭ˣĿ
鶯޾һһȲüѨڹ򲻸ˣĿ
彥ԽԽ˳ٶԽԽ졣ɰüðݣʼɿ
벻ӯյɱķΣžžž˻ƻ
ء

ü㿴ģĿ˵ţüһת˸
潫üڳرߵƣ˫ü͸Ըȡüæ
˫ȼסĿһкñеһޱȾҵ忪ʼһ
ֱȫ

졫ͣ硭춼ɡŶֶˣ
Ŀĳ弫ͣÿһ嶼ȳҪӻȫγĳ̶ȣ
Ȼһͻȫ[ ߣ].Ҳݺݵײ
üϣžžü㺹죬һǿһ
ۻԽԽߣ߳ԽԽҲûԼȫƷ
⣬һ޵ӹڲĿֻŮ԰б
ԵӦԼĵбüߵö࣬Ч⡣֪
üĹѾˣԼֱע˶شڼ΢ж
״̬üȣǿٽ㲻ӡĿԴ
޲

üʦHˬôĽȻڽУĿɿؽ
üѨҵĻ˶ųˮһȦȦüıʹ
ƻ֣ȫѩ¶˵ĳɫţ硭
ЩԣΡŶ̹͸ˣüÿʡţιü

ĿҲҪˣ֪ҪҹŮʱ䲻࣬ûпƾ
أ׺ݵĳ塣ÿһ¶ùͷϷʺȹĥüе㣬Ȼ
ʵʵײڻϡ

찡ҪˣüҪˣüҪ
ѽѽѽѽü߽ţӲܿһҲůֻĻ
Ȼֱ˺ܶࡣ

ӣ硭ҲҪˡһ𡭿㡭ιţ̣Ŀ
ҧȫ֮鶯ʮµĿըһ
ֻʣҶסѨڣüǵʮĻſˣ
Ĺͷعסоüڲ䶯ɴɱ
Һȫڹͷϡ

Ŀһ󶶶ӵغһ󼱾
꣡ԴԴϵͨǶüע
֮ڣüܸоһһȵҺԼϡ

üͶĿ§һţ༸Ůˣιյ
֮ϸϸֻĿƴסü޲ð뻨
֮СǴ۵ľ޾üѨſ˼ޣú
һۺɫƤعסĸĿһһ
ˮһ㲻ϵĽҺüڣһľҺˮ
ཻķ϶üԼ񣬸еȫĶˣ
ҲϸϸƷζ;ҺˢǻζžĿС
Ƥ˵̲סͷڶĿü
֮ƷҲΪ۰ڳĻ

öסĿ˳üڣüȴ§
ۣҲסĿȱٷ
Ӻ

ĿЦüʦҲ᲻ӡǻڵʦ
أʦ粻ܺ˱˰

ǺðɡߣеĶĻŹġü
֫ĿϽȻӲСĵذ˳һ죬
һ̲ҺˮĻˮнɢ⡣

һλ󱦱ˣĿ˷ܵʵǸող
һε۳ֿʼҡͷԡӢǰһס𽥸
յͷںĹͷһڣЦһ񡣺ߣ
ü˵Ķԣеľϲɣǰҽʱûⱦָ
ôأ

Ŀ˵߸˲¹ͷǿ϶ó
汾ȻʦĸҿºҪһߣ¶һǲǸˣ

¼ȴЦġӢߣһβ㣬׼
ˡ̶׶һϡ

ֵһ߸ߣĿߡĿЦḧŮʪ
壬ʣãҪôһԸʦ簡һһʦ
еأ

ʦתȥЦ

úúãĿתȥֻһˮ

תˡĿϽתȥһ
ӳһ˵Ļֻˮرϣ˫ȳ
̶ȡſϣŮһ˶
༷ѹţĳࡣҲ̵Ϸʺɫ
̽͸һۺɫ춼΢΢ſ··һߡ

ĿȫǰҵľסˣûȫӲͦһ˲
۷״̬عͷ˸ַۣɧػ˻ηķΣ
欵Ŀʦ硫ѽıǽõı˫Ѩ
˵ţĵƶ΢΢˹âѨ
һ˿˿̵Ѩ򷺳һ˿˿

ΣĿĿʾͦưߵŮǰ
ˮȫʪ˫ְס󿪵ȣͷڶŮƬ
м䣬˽ȥ



ĿΪɬ룬ȴû뵽Ů񼡼ԡѩ⻬羵
ϰҺͳˮ󻬣벢ʮּѡƬޱȵⴽƺڡǡ
ŶĿʹƺͬʱѨһҸ
оǶŮһһһһȣֽȻ෴ĸоͬʱ
ϣˬƮƮˡ

ѽͬʱһĿһ嵽ףŮ
һŨҲݰëݺݵعĥŶŮĻԼ͹
绨СˡŮֻоĿд˽һش
ȫָ⡢ָ⻹ͷƤġ

λãⷨӿ治ʦͬʱH
Ŀϲѩ֮ϣ˫ֲŮ֮ͬʱ飬
ͬʱסŮβɿشת

ѽ硢絽ˣҲߺıԼ
֡ԭĿһֱӶ˶ŮĻ֮ϣټβ
ֲͣڵӼëһֻë޵Ĵش̼
콿۵ѿ֩뾫Ļ˵Уд̼ƤضƤ̽
ͷٱĿôһŪȫѪڻĶһ
ԲԲķۺ顣Ů棬ȣס˶Ŀ
ס˶Ŀ¡

Ŀһ߻ȦһǰڶŮ֮γɵǻ
ĿвŮӻڶŮ˵Ͳ浶ǹˡ
áø硭ϽˬҲһʾ
ɡ

ϣĿ߶׽ˮͷսŮͷ
̵ϡһ£˿˿Һ˶Ŀ
ͷϡ

ãˮ𰡡ĿЦͷؿУ̵İҺ
£ʾζ̺һû˵ʲôȴС죬
͵شߵʦôǰ˶

üˡˡʱɱܲŶĿ
ͷޣа߳Һ̻¶˿ʼһ·
ǳͷıʮֲִھɰֽƵģ֩뾫˽ô
ۣһӴǿҵĿʹ˼Һӻ

еŶĿź⣬ͷһֱ϶̵Ļϣ
ɫıת˼Ȧּͻ١
һֻص̵˽ϻ˷ʱʱؽͷž
ŮؿŪһʱҧɶŮ
٣ֱöŮֱ岻ͣ䲻ʹ̧
ͷƴ㷢ƮΡ񱳡ϸͷһ
˹͡

ѽڶĿ֮£Ͳס߽һ
ⲻͣţݣһɴȶȵİҺһˮֱ
˶Ŀһ졣ͬʱ˫һ[ ߣ] һ
Сһţֱס̵ӣҲٽͷ
еඥĴ죬æҲſС졣Ů촽һ
ͷʪͬʱһŤţˮ鶥
סͬ˫ʹදܵ˫صĴ̼Ҳ˶壬
ͬһűǱҺ籡

Ŀʹ¶ȽȻ෴ˮĩ˻㣬ͷŮ
ճŵĲҺϸϸ˸ɾӢһۿţа⣺
ߡˣģ˽ļ˻ڹءǺǺǡ

һ̺ļµĿйȥŮĿḧ
ѩЦãǽöˮǴ
ɲԶˡҿ󱦱ûأ˵ŻױƵ
ֱָҹյļͦơ

ͷʾʦ硭ᴵղšǴֻǸ
ǡú

ٺ٣ӻҸʦа壿㿴Ľ㣬ɱľˡС
޲ȥŶĿЦ

ƺ⣬زסĴ鿴Ŀ˳ŶĿĻ
ʦˣӡ޸˭ҡԶʦ硭һ
ʦ硭ôء˵ţζѩ׵Ĵƨɣɧǵغ
硫Ƭ̡ٵˡ

ԵڶĿȻæ»صŮȼ䣬һ˫
סŮĴȣֳͦմ֭ľ޾ڶŮѨǰţͬһ
񶴶롣ĿʣʦҪˡ˭øı

ŮͿˣæʦȲҡ̲Ʊ
ֻһ˫ĵؿŶĿ

Ŀ룬Ľ㡣ȸã𼱣
Ĵ󱦱ܿͻġ˵ţΣͮͮԲ
ͷ׼̷źѨڣסһѨȥ

˻ĿȻѾ׼Ǳ̻ڵĵ
Ծһ¡Ź񲢲⣬ϵ΢΢â
ɵľͿסɺ⡣Ŀǵһβֽխֱʧʪ
Ļ񫣬ӱƿպϵ⣬̽ѩ֩뾫
塣

ܿ죬ĿĹͷȶ˾ײһֱϣ̲͵طһ
֪Ѿһˣ̵ĻвҪϸϸ
һѩĺС

ţʦ磿̸еԼȴٳٲ㽹غ
˶ĿһĿЦٺ١õȲˣҲô
Ʊһ죬ӡʦûͻ۸˼ҡ͡
ԡһ

Ŀ⽿ߵĻӶ˰ߣϲ˶Ȼ
ʦˣģʦԴϾ˵ţĿ޾ʼ
˶

š̱۾зѵ
ĿĽ𽥼٣͵ĳԽԽ󡣶ſ̵ϣ
ظо̳𲿵ټ϶ĿHʱŨܵĳëҲĦ
ʹ⾥Ŀǡתͷģ
ԶĿʦ磬ҲһѨˡòá

ĿͣЪæãˣ˵ʹ
̵ݺݵ̼£̻òеʱ͵ؽ
ǱĻѨаγѨڡĿıϸ
˸ʦҪŶδ㼷Ƭ
ɢһ˸һ붴ĿץסСС
֮£ЦãһԼС
Ŀľ޴һ״͹

ĿһؽλѨܵ
ȵĴ̼ٶҲԽԽ죬֮߳ʱüֱĿͬ
ʱŮŲࡣһĳ֮ͬǼ֣Ŀ
Һȫע̵ڡ

ÿ̺ŮĿԱ빷ʽ¼һ
أΡŮȫϣһ߿˰
ȲӢֲȫס֮ǶĿ
߳ҲеһԲˡ

ʦ磬ٺ٣ǲˣţƤҪ˰ӢЦţ
ʵ

ĿȻһ㷦۵ĸоһŮѾ͵
˼㣬м˵ۣӢ㿪Цɣʦĵҩأ˵ˣ
߸ﴵţƤˣ

ӢһЦ§סĿĲӣҲĿš
㿪ͷ˵ҪͬʱأôھˣĿһ㶣
Աüֵʦô˵ˣߣҾ֪ǰǴţʦ
Ŀôͬʱλýأ

ĿͷϣֱһĿ䣺ʦʲôʱ򴵹ţͬʱ
Ǽʦɲǿˣ˵ڳرߣȫ
ƷâһĿ˫ʧˣȡ֮ǳ
壬ֳ˰̬

ߺߡӻ²ͬʱλôĿ˵
˵ֳͦһֳ֫Ŀֳָ֫ô
Ӣ̹ʦ̬ġһֺֻһͷͬʱλ
ýȫⰡ

Ӣ룺ǺǣѰ·[ ϵԴۺ׷] ɹֲ˽ˣ
Цƺô¶ǣǻʲôϰ

δ䣬üŮһ󻶺һȺ滨Ͷ˶ĿĻ
ĿЦһѽ̺һһ§ſؿ
ؽǣСŪغ衣ü¼
壬һһźƻڳˮŮʹ
ĵŤţѽѽɧ֮ڲ

ȻϡҡŮӣĿ㹻ǿҲжѳܡ
Ůϴĸйٴ̼ͿеƣмˡŮǷɧ
ȡԾΪŮͬʱ޹Ǻεȵң
ĿĵкʹϹҲôװѳסġ

ʦ硫ôǲǿҪסˣüһ
һ߳ĿۣʱʱطתĿЦ
ҪһսССĴ̼ʲôУʹ


ٺ٣ʮ㰡ü¼Цˡһۣһ
ӣϸĶࡣҺ˳£
ϡĿеһ쬵ֱ뾫ܣһ·ܽУÿ
һط󴥵ĿСһü¼ͷ
شתһ꽫ۿԽԽ󡣶Ŀо
Ůƺⶼ˾У޵˻桫
һ㣡

ŮĶԽ룬ͷһܡĿоԽԽ
ǣֳڶ鲻ѣжһһҪ
סȴû뵽ӣƤһЦ
С챻Ŀľģˮ˳ĿĹͷ
סһһһһţͬʱɵͷҲ˾һڲ


Ůĺ£Ŀڷһʵ
Ůȴûгʤʩչ༼ɣɶͷ³˶Ŀ


Ů˿üʦ
촭ˣʦ绹ΡȻĿʵղѾе
ѳֲסĸоȴŮȷˣ˿η
⣬ЦǵлǳءȻĻʦҲͬʱ
˲¹ͷȴ֪ղüǹ̽
ٽˡŮô˵ҲȻЦ͸Ц
ڿ



¹¡ˮУһҲĻ棬ŮһϷ˺һ
ӡӢ̧ͷ죬ֻԭʵҹƬƬƮԲ
һһ㱻ˡ

ʱˡţࡡǻûأʦ簡
ô㲻λӴ

ĿһߡչˡλʦһЦǺǣӢ裬㻹ҡ
˵˵һϷӮ˵Ļôţ

Ӣ轿ĵض˸ۣôءʦһ
԰ɣʦӮˣ߽ʦһ޸ʦɡ

ĿЦӣСﻹһɴʦ
ǶȢˣһߺգ

¼ø̰ĵʦ硫ǽȫԵȥС
㡫

Ŀޱȵ⣬Цһ˰Ů֪
ýмƻؼһˣ׷״ʮ־üǣ
ǿ쿪ʼһźʦɡ

áɡŮӦһ׷׶ü¼סһ
ֳ֫׼ԼĻѨڶĿϣ׼
ĿǴ׳ԼĻ֮С̺һһſڳرߣ
߸ߵؾѩ׹ͬϰΣŶĿָ롣
ſڶĿظ֮ϣҲĴƨɣǷ⻹΢΢ţ
ɼһƬˮ⣬ƺ¶

ü¼һףĿȫ
ԼڡĿҲչ̺࣬ŮѨ֮ڡ
һ˶ĿȫƷ˹âһͷɿͳ鶯
ɫҫ߾߳ͬɫһ䶯
ֹ졣

ĿҲδйľΪԼҵбüǸߵ̫࣬
Ӧòʲô⡣Ϊһʹ߳Լ
Ҫ֩뾫ǸտʼûзѸٰŮ߳С

Ŷ硭ûһô͡ŶǡҪŪ
ҡáʦ磡Ŀȷʵǿ
ȣŮҲʵʵڵˬˡֻ̧ͷУͷ㷢
衣ҲڶĿˮβͣزŮҲû
бö٣һţһ̢ӡ

ĿŮ͹֮ƺн߳ļ󣬲ϲ
ȷ˵ĲԸеʮ⡣ӿȫĶžžžײ
ĳˮԼŮת˽
ȫһҲԽԽ졢ԽԽ١

ھȺ[ ϵԴۺ׷] Ŀ˫Ŀ
죬໵ĹֽһеĹâʤŮѨеߡָ
ͷһݺݵضסǵĻ⣬ϵ𶯺ͿŪšΪƾ跢
ӳԼԼĶ壬ټԶŮǿĴ飬֩뾫Ǳض޷
һ˲Ӿ̡ɾû뵽ŮȫҲų˹
âȻˬı顪κѾ˰ۣӣ
СͬǳһſţͷҪˡȴûа
йסУӹ׷ײһɹ

ҪൽװҲã̵Խãȸ߳
ʱйþԽܵĿҲԽ࣡ĿֻԼ
ѾʤȯգֻνѣҲ⣬
彻ţͬʱǿŴŮƺΪһ壬ȫֵ
ŶĿĹƣһӹڵĤĽ
Խǿ͹Сѿϵش̼ŶĿһʱŮ
һе˸൱޷ԷľءֻԽ
Խߣһʧ޵ĸҡҡ׹ˡ

Ŀ׼ͻƼޣʱһӰ
ͷϡе̫Ծ˳壬ƫͷȥȴֻӢ
߶£ǼյЦ

Ӣ衭㡭Ŀһ仰û˵꣬ȴӢȫܵ˲䷺
Ϲ⣬һ˫ĿɫͫӣſĿֳּȮ¶˳
ȶĿӦһҧסĲӡ

Ŀһȫ֩뾫ס
󲿷ֵҲŮˣʣµ޷Ӣ迹⡣ܿ죬
еһɹɱճҺӳݼעĲӣѪҺɿ
شȫ

ӢҧסĿĲƴע붾أעҷɿڡվ
δϲĶҺѪֲӸµظ
ŶĿŮҲû˶Ŀ壬ӢվһŶ
ŶĿ

ĿæҲĵֱŸղת֮䷢һУ
˼ʵʦã㡭Ҫʲôڸʦ翪Цɣ

ǺǺǡݶ˻ڻأӢЦţ˫
ύ棬˫ֱѩ׵鷿֮£˶ޱȵ;Сϣ
ջޱȣߣ˵ҲҲãֻҪеľӳϢʲô
ʱСͷָӴͷ

ĿˣӢҪͨ˺ûʮֻţŭ
밵ңû£ҵĵбߺü꣡Ķ
ҺҲûаã

ŶôӢһӣ˵ţֻ㵽沿ȫַ
˹âӢӰᰮԼ壬ʵʦ硭㿴
ӵ塭ô

ĿˣûӢ覵Ȼޱȵ·Ϊ
ħΪԽϵҲԽȻҲӢȫ˵ĵ
ѾȣֻԼѾˡĿŵ˼ţͷ˼
亹

ʦ簡ſ㣬ҲѵǵĺɫԶ
ԶôӢߵü¼˵ţȫҲ
ȻûӢôܼḻҲʮֿɹۡ

ĿԽԽˣһӢ͹ֵˣû뵽ü¼ĵ
Ҳﵽôߵĳ̶ȣԼѾӢĶֻ׶༪ˣ
˼Ҳȫƣڳһʩļơ

ӢŮȴƺη壬ŤŵĲһһ
ӢЦʦ簡ҲǸģҪ׷˺𡭡
Ӯ߸ô

ߣ̶οҶĿѽĿһʩ
Ӣ衣һʹӵﴦѽһжʩ
˫Сʹ

ӢѾ˶Ŀǰͷ˸һֻʤ
ʳʧܵʱĸе⡢Ҳв̺ͼʡ

ӢҪ˵ͻȻĿһȫˮеϰԾ
УұͬһгӢֱֻ꡹һ죬
ĿҺһˮУƬˮٿ
ѾһѪƤ֮¡

ߺߺߡ˽Ҿôվǰ˵˽ȫ׼ֻ
Ӣıĸϸֳȣʮεǰ
Ӣջչ̧ͷ˿ɫ[ ߣ] ʱ
ѵʦ磬ǸðѸղûɵĻ֮ˡ˵סĿ
ϹһĿ̸еһȣȫĶ
ǱѾȫȥֳ֫²Ȼ

ô£ʲôĿغ
ٷһιɱʮָǿȴһ̶ˮһ˿
ӢЦʦⶼ֪Ůе֮
ıܿˣСͷָӴͷء
˵ţŮҲΧֻü¼һβ˶Ŀ壬
һ˷һɽ˻Ѩڡ

ǡǡʲôĿȻͷȻѵȴ
ȫƲԼֻŮڲ¼һ
һߵʦ绹װͿأĶʲô

Ŀʹر۾ѲˣԼвӢ裬Ⱥ
֩붾Һ֮ѹͱ߸֩뾫ħơȻһζĿ
ʵطŮեȡӹڲǿһɹɾҺ
۵Ŀߵĵײֻһ죬ɫ򼾫ҺȪ
һۣעŮڡ

ŮһؼŶĿľ޾ƽ̹⻬Сͣ
ţŹ˹˵ˮŶĿľҺֻ֮
ϳֻեȡĿľҾͱһɶ

ӢĿľҺեɾˣЦһӣŮ˵
϶ĿСЦŵߺߡʦѽ֪Ӣˡ
ԡĶ͸ҰɣĿؿ
ţʦãҪˣû˵꣬ӢͰ
ݺݵزԼѨڣͬʱӹ쳤ſһӰס
⹽ͷһδǿӢӹڲ͸ӹۡ
һ·Ŀڣֱͺѡ

ɡǧ򼾫ڵ̫ίˣ˽
õĹޣӢߺڶĿֱͦˣĸϸ
չޣȫƺ˫۶ðǿҵϹ⣬ӯ
Ķ㷢·衣üǰָڶĿĵ֮
ϵһ£һʯεȥĿﲿλƤ·һ
εĽɫâɫâӢ跢ͬһı״
һ©Ӳϵջü㣬
ڵѾλˣáӢ˵ͷǺЦֹǽɫâֽ
Ͻ뾫֮ڣ˶彻֮Լķ֮һĽ
뾥֮ʱӢ͵һУܱеñպһӽ˻һ
´Ӣӹ֮ڡ

ڵ븹Ӣ輫Ϊ೤ؽһ
ݵһɹҺڶ֮
˵ǿңĿ˫ϲס߰ת
ӣһܵģ



Ƕݵġ糱ĿнȥӢվ³
Ȼͦ˫ֲֵڶĿǰ濪˫ȣֻ
мһƬǽѨڻ΢΢͸ɫĹâ

ǺǺǡһС֣оѾôǿˡӢظ
ԼСͷһƫáˡ

ڶĿİüҲڶĿϣ뻨֮ڡ
ǶĿ죬Цʦαزأ㲻˵Ҫ
ȢǼôȢҪƸ񰡣˵
Ҳչȣȫƺų⣬ʼȡڵӢ
һԣ˹Ÿղŵջ

֩뾫ѵõĴͣÿζĿڵȡһ֣
Ҳʧһ顣νһڵʱѾ
ʧάְ̬ˡһʹŽ
˸ֳԭΡһʮ׶೤ľ򼡣

ǡѾõҪˡҰɣĿ̱ˮرߣ
ధ֩뾫ǡӢȴаЦţż׿ʸ߸һŲھ޴
ͷϣŪһϸĴ룬˹صʦѽ㻹ǵ
һӡ֮˵Ļô

Ŀ󾪣˵ֻӢֵţ벻ˣˡ
˽˵ɡ˵֩뽻Ժ֩Ե˵
ѸˣҲĸԸӢ
Цһͷϥǵں㷢

Ӣ裡һеһշްնյϣ
һɣĿˣɤƴġ廹
Ťȫ֩뾫زסܶӢЦʦ
ǺͿˣ彲Եľ㣿˵ˣ
ʦﵽˣûʹնݳԺһʦָԪ
ǷʵҲǲѽʦ绹ӡ

ȻӢĻĿǳĬˣӢ˵ʵ飬
ڹؼʱ̿ѹհǰ˺նݳͱضҪնݳ
ҲһӢ޻˵ˣӣͷ
Ŀ֮ǰ˽һܰɡ

ܣĿɻˣŮʩչʲôնֶΣ
ȴӢǾǡֻɱ㣬˽ܰĵسɮⰡ


ʲôɮ⣡Ŀ޷ݣ˵ʲ
ôŮѾٸˡֻߵɫĹâŮҡһ
ֳޱȿֲ֩ԭΣһǰȽ򼷭˹
죬ſݵĿֲҧȥ˻ҧ߸֩
򼿪ƸѪҺȻ˺׿
֯һһڵ˺ҧţһյĹĿͱһ
̽߾Ǽꤵ븹УֻʣһӲǡ

Ŀ̻֮ŮҲٱΡ΢΢ţԲ
븹ڳˮһϢһ˹һ˷Ӧȫ
Ƶķɫâҫޱȣر˰̬[ ߣ] 
Ρֻ״ȣβ׵ǵλҲԽԽ
âɢ̵ֻ֮ü¼һҲζצβ
׵һϸβͣβһһڵе壬ȳ
̵ʰ͸ػɫϵ̾趯ĵˮžž죬
ˮβĩһԲԲǻд̳ĸֳַצӣ͸
ԿһϺɫ׵ܴβ׵һֱ쵽βĩ˵ǻϡ

ܿ죬ҲһˡŮȻûٳȣκȴҲ
һͬβ͡ζӢ㣬ǡ

Ӣβǰ°ڶţĸצһ
һϾݵצô΢΢һȺβһʧ
ˡ

ǡ˶ĿڵԭǴһ
Щ벻ı仯򼾫ʱǵͬˡӢ
ǿŰ֫ͺϵһأ

ŮˣԣȻβֱʹָܿû
ɬСüϲɣǵĵ֫ӢҲͷ
ĿѳǽЪϢţÿβ͵
á˵ţСһͦ˿ŮҲһ
ܿ֯һޱܵľ˿ƻ۵Ͽն
ʵʵĸסָ֮ǰ֯õһȦΧһ

ڶ糿ƻ˶ˣۿʱȴȻǻ谵
ģӡǷ׷״³̧ͷһ졢ƻ̫
ˣȡ֮߼ѵشͶ
Ȼʮֻ谵ͷԣܿǾͷƻ۶Χ
Ѿˡ˲ʧɫûӦȺ
ʼɧ

ߺߺߣǺˣͻȻҵķſˣһ
磬ֻ߸֩뾫˳⼸նĿһֱһ棬
дС˵Ȼϵǡֻʱ֩뾫ǰʱ
Ŵ粻ͬɢ㷢ֻᱡ˿СĺͲ͸ȹ
İڶʱʱ¶һĨ⻬ĸͽĶۣȵ
Ҳںر¶ӢЦ˫ֲһ˿뷿
УһͲһƮ˳˿͵һ˦Ƕ˦
ǰ˶һһ޴Ļɫ׿ǡ

ǵĹأǺǺǺǡӢƲסЦ
иĿʱ䳤֪ϸһôˣǸϽ¿ͷ
ʦǷ죡Чʦǣ˼
ҲϽŹ¿ͷ

ߣЩʲôƨãֲǸĿƵҪʿԹԵ
ǵʳɣüȵֻ৵һһβͣ
һ߳˷šβĩſһȭͷѿڣ
ֳּצӡͻȻĸצӺϲһͳ׶״βͷɿ쳤
ŵĳȣһ˵ֻһޱȵ
׶βһ˵ĿУǣβַɿذ
˳ٿĸצмץһѪܵģ˿Ѫ
˵ϡ

һҽУȫŵƨмСֱ̱˵ϡü
βջصߣĩ˵ѿڳϣβ䶯צһһϣǿŻ
ı㱻β׵Уĩ˱ͳһСС͹𣬿Կ
һӰ˳βһ·üڡ

Ѫζû뵽滹ζءüζƵĵ
촽ոĵĳβҲ˦žž
һŵ̱ڵصǰЦһС
βǰɿ·裬˵·˲Ƭ˳ȥ

;ˡθˣðײеĹâ
βĩ׼Ŀ꣬ѿͬ߿ڰŵԽԽ
һɫճҺֻͨһεĳβĩѿھ˴
ͷ˽ȥճҺʹغûһ
ͲˣϢġιЦβһ˵棬
Կ֯ͣ䶯ͬʱĸצӲ£
ŵͳ˵һ嶼βͳһ
Ĺİβ׵ڱڷڳҺһһؽ֭ܽ

һԵȴһŽǰߵڵأס
Сβ߰ζ˵ʼߣճյĴ
ʹ֮ܿӲͦβĩ˵ĸצջؽβ׵ڣѿ΢
һ°˽ȥ

˲ҽβ׵عסһһ
䶯ԵޱȵƺҪڵһҺ嶼ɡ
ٿȴ泱졢ޱˬ뽻졣

㣬㿴ԼüĵضӢ
ҲǱôżľҪβͳˣȫ֮ǰβͶòˡ

ӢֵֺݶЦһߺߺߡƻǵˡû
飬桫Ǵ͵Ȳ˰ɣ

Ůֻһ仰ǻһЦɢȥ׽

һСͯŴƴǰţһλ
绨񣬴Ŵɫϵɴȹ˶ظȻ
ƻһƬңûͷӬȺܣλ˶ȴƿ
һ㣬ȫȻ⻷Ӱ죬ϹŹЦݣֻһһ
ͯôҲܲ

ô˦ͯе֣Լʹ̵ڿ񱼣
ǸŮȴ˹زһֲȥֻţԼȴȫ
롣һҧͻСϤ·ߵ˦
ǸŮӡ

ǺǺǡҵıأͯСﻹûܳ
ֻǰ̹һһ񻶯˵ӰǰȴǸ׷Ů
˭ŵôһתͷܡŮӺٺЦǰ
û·Ӵ桭ѽ

ֻŮỬ΢͹Сĵ°ڣһ
ϸܵɫ˿šСĳ͵
Խͯͷճķǽϣ˲֯һܵĴ
·ʵʵطסˡͯȥЩȥͷǳ˿ֻͣ
ŲתŮӡ

Ůڶһ˫޳覵ȣƽͯܲ
˰ɣ֪ô㶼˺þˡѽ

֮ͯǰѾ˺ü꣬ټ֣ͬϹ
ġ·ˣֻþƴƣ˫ǰһƣһ
һҵĻķϮŮӣŮӲžһ

ˣܻ潫ŮӵȫĽŲֹͣˡͯ
ϲ׼·ӣȴû뵽ЩΧŮӼת
һĻ

Ǹ˼Сɰ̫ϲˡĶ
ӻ洫ֻԽԽϡܿŮӱ³ˡ
ͯһŮӵСһһģ澹Ȼ©״ɿ
УĶֻʮ룬һ㲻ʣȫŮˣ
ظԼѩ׵ĶƤЦϲˡллӴ
˵ţһֻͯоһǿƾϮȫ޷ֿ
ĵغ˼ײϱεճס

ε촽ͯƴƾĵ
ô֩뾫֯ȫǰ׷ԽԽˣ
ͯؿ޺

ߡѵǸʦͲˣͯǰӸ
µؿ·ڹһƷָڵͯؿڣ
شȦ˵˵ʦǰô

ͯȴŵȫսֹ݇NNNشŲֻƴҡͷ޷
ش⡣״ŭˣָצ״ϸָ糤
˵ǿ˲Żô˵㣬ƽû
ˣٲ˵ڳ˵ţâһʹ˵
ǿȵԻͯ־

ҡҵλ΢ʦӴࡣǡʦƽеʱ
ͯеƽʼԻ

Ǻǡϲʦôȷ黹죬һЦ
ݿıʵ

аɡ˵ϲҲᡭ

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붼뵽ֽӴȶ˿⻬Ƥ
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ͯʱѪ죬Ѫӿ˳״ֲ
֧һڶͯԼ鴦һߴսС
ӻô߰Ǻǡҿǲ溦ߡ[ ϵԴۺ
׷] ˵һͣɿץͯŲһ߬ס


ѽôӲˣһ˵㺦أԭҲǸСɫѽ
ỬС߬ŵһߴȻ󣬵Ӳ÷·иͷһ
и˽ܵĲλԺܻסͯӾˣ
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Բһ˫˷ܵشŵͯߣšȷʵ
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ͯȫⶼˣзีĵͺѵرĳһ䣺ֻǡ
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˿Ŀֱضߣ
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ƤȾһȦķۺɫͷֵͳһ
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ͯﶮãҡҡͷЦ֤ǸС
ɫ֤ݡ˵ָһ㿿ͯ촽֪ͯ⵽
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أšС죬һڱ㽫˿ǻС

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šѾáŮ塭׼ˡ
һ߷º˱Ǹ۵һ߿ڳݲ˵šСͯ
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Χţ߰ɵĶھͷ״۵ȴƤߣ
ǿҵĿдѾ˵ˡ



ˬִŲʵ
̰ؾкʱʱ̼ŲӨ͸Һۣ
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ͻļ⿪ʼһһ

ţҪˣСɫ̫ＱӴ³˱
ˮͿںͮͮĹͷһڣںǱǵ
ͯһ˿ܣ治ôҵĵһε
һ׵Ļ﷢˵ô˵վӣ
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һŪһΣ˿ʱû˳⻬ޱȺ
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ԼκԶջɵ÷˵Цݣز
ƺͦøˡȻղŻƴкʱ͵С
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ζƿһӿ

ι㿴ʲôأ۾գһ¡úЦСͯ

ŶûûʲôкηѣæƿĿ⣬
ɫøӺˣ֧֧˵ȴţ⡭Ůӵ
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ԣǸŮɱʦǻˣôŮӡ
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ĲתСз[ ߣ
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СͯӺãֻѾһͺһԼ
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š㡭ҪСͯδ˵֪ô
εĻζͷηɾǲŶ롣

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ءתԺҲϣСɫϻ·
ǺǺǡһ

֪ĻħСͯԼѾˣæ̧
ϥϵĿȫ



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䣬ʱ·ͣˣȫ綼ƺֻʣԳŮ

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һֻҲͬʱؿϵĽ»
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ѽͯ˫ֱܵغһӶץסʲô̶ĶΪ
ˤ࣬ȴûϴеԵĴУҲһ
ġ桹סˣǰһƬ׻ģ̇ͷһһ˫ˮ
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˵Ĵ뻳αװһ˫۽кعס
۵ĶСк١زȵȸһƷ
壬һ૵滬㡭ȡŮӻء

Сˡҡ֣Ƥ
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Сϣһһشĸ

Ӵǻûʼء̲סˣǺǡʵҲ̵
ˣƽ𱬵ԸϵڵʳﲻʮӾͻᱻԸĨ
ǡһƷζϸϸң㡭
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Լ֪Եĳ嶯Сڷ·
һŻֻܷйô˵ֱͬץס˾ݼæŴ
ҡܣҡˣˣ

ߺߺߺߡûг⡫͡˵ЩŮӰģ

ʲôġŶ㡭㡭㡭
ҽѰɣôСĺӣǰֽһ㣬˵ʲôŮ
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ҺһһͯȫʪеͨۺĤ
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УҲԽԽԽԽţ˻Сɫ
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ˣҡ㡭㡭ġ̹ǡ̹͸ˣ

Ǽʮ»ϵĳ嶯ֱɵžž졣ҧأ
ƣ׼ĸ߳ߡ롭Ʒ
ġ㡭ôġζͱֽҡ
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ɫĹâһβʹκð˳һֱչкͷϷ
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Ũĳ֮ݺݵײϣ󲿷ֱ֩
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СʿһֶӷŽֹͣˡζ˰߳ϣ
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㾫ҺȻͯӾѾɣȻڲҺ壬ֻ
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ȥֹһʱ³ɫβ׵䶯һ
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δ˸˸Լ΢΢͹Сˬޱȵ
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һ£Ҳͦİȥұһɡ˵꣬Ůӱ
ŤԲβ˾ĳӯػζţŵһֲŲҽ
ķȥ



˿п谵ͨڴˇNՇNյĽŲһֻü
¼ŮԸжͷ֩ͷڣŴ
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ȥŮǾţ˵¼һǰһС

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źɫ̺̺һ޴ĺɫ֩ͼڰڷŷ
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һϣÿ֪˵ضǽ
ŵġβ׵ǵλôٵĳһһһڵĳβ
ڴϣβͺοŵعΣƺ䶯ţÿ
γһСİѱΪķۺɫβ׵һֱڡ
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һ˿ңȫŻһͨ죬˫ȼǻ߸븹γһ
ǣһ˿˫ֱĶӢ裬գգһ£С
Сĺʱʱ䶯һ£ƺʲô

ŮΣӢѾóβʳһˣܿͻ
ϣվһš

ȻӺӢ̧°һĽ[ ߣ] 
Χ͵ƷϹ⡣ˣƽСһ
ҵ䶯ཹཱུˮ𣬱ѹڿµۿɼٶȸ
ȥձƤŵһѹͷͬʱԲĹĵĳβҲ
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ͷž˦˳ʪճҺȫճ˶֮ϣ
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Ӣ۾ϸϸζŸղŵͣζˣҲ
ǰǸкŽ˴ü¼Ůæ̷ڴ
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ΪӢ贩ϣüչǼŮŮһӢ贩ֻ·
ɲȫƤóɣܵشӶ֩
״ĻƣſſɫʯӢĽϣ
覵ȫȫǿ·Եֻ鴦ֳ
Բ̵ľ飬鹵Ϸһ˶ɫ׹Ρ
м䲿λƬοգɫɴĸ߶ʿɼ
ǰխȹʽƽƺһдէйΣա
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׶೤ҲŻ׺˱ʯ˸Źâ·õ걻Ӣ
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ӢʮֵһЦ߰ɡ˵кһָת
˸Ȧֻкɫɫ˽Ҳá졻ˡ
˽Ʒɡߺߺߡ

ŮһһҲӢ߳˶ţūǳˣ
㽫ŵ͡һ߸ūСŹſڵءӢ̧
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ݣüһūȵ̧˸ͷ
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ʱ˿ʮֺеĵƻ̵ͨλ֩뾫Ҳ
ѵȺŮ֮ˣվ߸С
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Ҳ֪ôġŮſˣӢŹҰУæ
Сūǹ°ݣ˿ŮסɮӴ˳
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һϣŮعԭλӢЦŸ޵λǾʾ
ף˽³ǹءҶЦ̾
ŮҪѽֻȫµӶҪԵߵͷҲ
ҪԼ׸ŮءŮ׷׵ͷǡ

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һ˿һһŴˣ˿
˫ۺ˫ŷ˳һֱƮǰͣסô֫϶ӳ
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ߺߺߡۺ죬ӢЦſ±[ ϵԴ
׷] ˽ǰϸһֻǴӳªޱȵ
ֱ㶵ģϴһɫ֩ӡǣزһ΢
΢ſкʲô϶𡹡ӡ˶ߡ֮
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Ӣϣһֻ۶ʱͰ͵صŮЧң
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ͷҲн죿Ӣ֣
ͷЦü˽Ҳ޲ҡͷԣЦ

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βϵĳצıСпƤ֯ڵڵλáӢ
΢һһβĩ˵ѿӿס˺ҴСڵ˽䱾
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ɫûϮڵı档ڵԽԽձ
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Ӣһ˫ǰ󽻴ɶֲվ˫ָ߸߾ٹͷϲŤ
ȫƺ˫Ϲʢϳ֮˽֮
˽һǿӹз˳β
׵һ·ݵ˽ĵ֮ϡǿšơӢβ͵ѿ֮ڣ
β׵ܱӵڡ˫۾עĿ֮£Ӣĳβڲ
͸һػɫĹâ˳β׵֮ڡ
ڵӢգ˽Ҳʧȥ˹ʱԳԭΡ

ߣ˽˿Ӣüβһ˦
˳ĩ˽һ¼׼˵ʢˮСü
һƬ˿ס˿ڣ¼ԡӢβĩϵѪϴɾӢ
˽ҪڵˡͷǼҲȤĸͳ
ܣʣµľ͸Сǰɣ˵űص£˫
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üҲβʹ룬צǻҵһ˳
ǰȻֽժ˳
վɱⱣáüٿŰ˽ʬ˿ɻذ֮Уһ
ָƽŮеؿڱϵӢ衣

Ӣ軹û˸ߵڵֻü粻ȫ
ϸϸ㺹ϹԽԽǿ̵ֱ˫
ü״æǣǿΪŮŮһ֮
䣬ŮæǰΧסӢ裬˫ͷȫ
ҲâӢڽƽ࣬һٷĹȥ
һϹǿ˼¼ӽҰף֮ȥ

㣡˫ĿӢϡӢȻ˵ؾ磺
״˳ϥǺͼ򴦶˼ĵɫ׿ʻϥͻ
硣ŮվӢԱߣʱ޿̶ܸоӢǿѹȸС

ӢͻƵڶؾɹͷһЦ
֩뾫ҲԴϲӢ磬ūǶ˺ɽҰ
ȡӻƻѹƣҿ߸Сȥ
ʳ˽ʬ岻ᡣ

һͻ絽ϡγԺȵòˣƤӢ
Ů㡫ʲôʱܸؽţζء

ӢЦǺǡ˽ˣ֮ϴ󼪵ӣʱ
ʢʱɮʮԪˣ

Ůһϲ⣬˸߲ҵ̸ȴӢ΢ֵص
˵Ͼɮˣ˽ﻹһĲ

ŮˣϾɮԪѪˣ϶ûб
⻹ֵˣ㻹ʲôĲأ׷ѯӢ赽Ǻ¡Ӣ
ĵ̾˿бڱϣеþյĲɵص
ֻǰĿְپĿҲֻʱġɮֻһ
Ҳûɮˡ뵽˽ܲģ

ŮĬˣӢĻǵ£˵ϸ˼
⡣ļžУͻȻü۾һվ



㡢㡫ӡи뷨֪㡭ôüÿڳݶ
Щ˵

Ӣ֪üˣȻ˼Ǳضʲô⣬æҲ
񣬵ʲô˵޷

üתһתʵ㣬ô

üһŮԼԼʶʲôһɫչˣһ
ӢȴĻش

šȻǿԵġˡɡɶԽӣ
ܶ˲֡ѵ˵ӢţѲµü
˼

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תӪȻǲỳеġѽȵɮ찮ʱ
Ƿ֮ȻͿܾˡ˶٣ؿڽ
һۣŵ֩һξܲ¶ǧöѣȫʥɮѪ
²õôҾȫˣɮҲǳˣֻҪ
ౣһЩɮˡ㣬һֱȥ˵
ǽͶ̥ȡʱò갡

⻰ëȻüɮԪвӺԼ
ӽţȻǣ֩뾫һ⣬
˵һˣ

Ǿ
ԲɮˣŮϲԽ׷ЦӢ޵
Ǻ⣡ü㶼е㼵ˣˡǻ
ץһЩŮɮٹáζ
ԼĴͬء˵һȹվ
ɨλùūǿ乩ǲѺͷ
Լһиʩ˽ҪԼල̡Цպ
Ǵϲӣ⼸춼ЩҪ̫ˡʱɮԪ
Ըģ˵Ů˸߲ң־ٱֱҹ
ϯɢ

ƴĹչˣǧūҹͣɽɽ
޴ɽӢ迴˷ǳ⣬Ǽӽʩ
ɮҲһٽ˿еԽԽҡԽԽ
һŸС

ڵˣ˿ŵƽʣһƬϲӡ
֩뾫߽˸磬ñͱһ媹Ȫϴԡһ
磬覵Ľϴ˳Ⱦָ֬еԵļ
Ƹհ˿ǵ󼦵һ㡣

½㡫˵ɮᰮôȪˮϲظԼ
ѩ峺ȪˮӰĽաԽԽϲԽԽ
ӰеԹ԰¼

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ô˶ԼôɮǸʯĳ
ŪˡǺǺǡ

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ɽɮҪʮԪֱĳ
εĺա񾱵ȴ˵ĳɫ˫֮䶼
һ˿ʪĸо

緹ʱŮϴԡˮǻص˿Ӣ
ǡȥ·šȥɮɡ׼˾͵·
ŮȸԾŴӦһ׷׻ԼĶ׼ȥ˲ᡣ

˵ɮ֩뾫ץ˿ԺǿǸγϡ֮
ӣÿĵǺաͽܡŮҲû
Ȳֲ˵ˡֻһĶ
þһӦȫÿ춼СӶµİϺõիͲ
ˮɮǸûģͷֻϴˮײһҪʳԾ
ӡɺʵڶܲˣҲֻúҳԼڷҽ˶Ǽܿʮ
ȥˣɮҲÿֻǳԱ˯˯˳ԣҲ԰
һЩ

ֿ쵽緹ʱ䣬ɮڴͻȻһŲԽ
Խæ´վֻǶſˣһŮ˽

Ů㡭ɮϳŮ߸Ů֮һʮֻң
ګګĲ֪˵ʲôáϵǰŮӴ򿪵ĲǶţ
ǴӴϳٶ֮·֮صĺڰ֮š

Ǻǡ¼ɮŮúЦɮ΢
΢ǷǷ׽Цݣϸϸصʥɮ𾪡Ǵ
˿Ůǰʥɮġ

Ůɮһʱͷԡ¼͵ҼҴ㣬ʥɮ
Ҳġ

ôһ˵ɮˣӢޡթѹĥ
ļ䡣ĺ˶ͷϣɮæ˼˫ֺʮͰ
صˡӷ𡭡ƶɮƶɮ

ţ¼ƺЩãƹȥɮ۾ʥɮ
ҼŮ˻ܲ˵Ӵ

ɮΣ֪طûּۻ۵أް취
˼±ֻø¼߳˷䣬һ·ͷҲֻ̧˵ͷ¼ܿ
һȴɫʯǰһģشˡʥɮ롫
¼һɮ롣ɮսսؽţһ̧ͷǰʱһ
䶴Ĵ󣬶һյ޴ĵƣ漸ʮִֻĺȼ
šڵϲĵĴɫװΣʴֽϲһӦȫǸ
·ģһž޴ĺɫԲ[ ߣ] 
ԱһŰ˹ƷͲȣһλòˡ

ʥɮˡ⼸ʳɻȥǽв֮ʥɮ
ӯӯɮǰһһ۾ϳ
Ů߸ŮеĴ㡣ɮ֪ǶԼ⣬ǰƺ
еѴЦˣɮʮųαҲֻ˫ֺʮǷǷ


ӢȻһЦסɮӱߡɮѣֻðưͣ
ಽšߣӢЦʥɮ˽˿
׶ΪիԵʡǽöʥɮûаġʥɮġ
ְһָǴϲӣ˽ⱸϺõʥɮʥ
ɮǧƷƷ

ɮ˵ĿȫϴǰаٿϯҲ磬
زˡġƷʳĿһеʯͷʱ
һ롣˵ǡϲӣôϲЩɶ
ͷԡ

ʥɮѽӢ˫ְסɮļһϮɮԺ
˳Ķһ¼ʰӼһǰĵڣ
ΪʢһźӢЦһ㿪θСˣʥɮáš˽֪
˽ˣû˺ʥɮʥɮʥɮ¸Ҳ
˽һŮƽϵġ

ŮءƶɮˡɮæǸʰ
ǿĶгˣһ㣬ҲûƷʲôζ
ŮæΪȰʳɮ˼ֻͣżһСӦšӢ
¼ţ̸Щ绨ѩ²ɵл

ôһӢʱ˱վɮı
ϣ޵ظšɮƴһ㣬һ˵Ӣȴȵ
ʥɮƺûʲôθڣѵεիǲʥɮĿζţ

ҲҡƶɮûС˼ɮ˸Ӣȴ
⣬ЦŵɽҰʳʥɮķҲеġʥɮ
ǣЩֻǳġ˽Ϊʥɮ׼ϵϯء˵
֣ſˣֻü˽һƯţ
ϻƺһˡ

ʥɮ뿴һϯôӢ΢Цţɮǰü
һԱߣչɮǰɮ̽ͷһ
ʱŵõ˺üͷ߳һϸ۽տвס

ԭɵĲǱˣ֩뾫áΡֻȫһ˿
ңѩ㴿ûһ覴ãһ˶ȻŴƣ
˵ϡԲԸеĶΧƽ̹΢͹һ˿׸Сϡ
˫ȼޱȵԼĴ͵϶̷ŸɫʳƷ
ЩʳüΪ£ɫϼѶζƳ˻״ɼ
ҲȫڸǺɫĵŵĹâֻǽ߽
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ɮֱ˾ɵˣ˫Ҫ޵ĹƣǷ
ӵĻȴ֮ȥԺвء

ӷ𡭡ɮʮ˫Ʋţס
ġӢȴ˹һĸղűģۺ⡢
סɮһֻ첲ţʥɮô
ǽ׼˺ܾòɵءʥɮƷŮʢ硫ǺǺǡ

ɮҳԣֻ˵ͷۺʮӢ欵ϵĴ
꣺ʥɮ㿴һۡһѽʥɮ
˵ĺÿõÿأǺǺǡʥɮŰ
㡫ЩʳﶼءĺִɮĶͷð˳
ҪҪһֻۣһۡĵһϸ˿ͷ
ɰԼŻˣֹԽԽҪѹסƵ뷨
ͷû𷴶ӷѿһ׳ɳ

ʥɮšɮϵı鶼Ӣ迴
ӵó֩뾫Ĳӱ§סɮżͦ˶
·ɮıϣһ˫СɮǰĴ߸ʱɮȫ
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Ӧ

˳˵ռɫɫǿգɫսʥɮȴԶ
ԣǲЩЦأҲ˼ݼôӢ軨
ɮ𣬵ȴһɣ˵û
ջ󶼲ԣк汻ΪƳɮɮ˵ţ
ֱԼˣпʼʮּҵ˽սڣӢƲ
£սʤСֻһۣͿһ۶ѣʲôҲ
˸˵⣬Ƥ΢΢ˡȴ֪һ
۾ͺ̤޵׶Լȼմѹͣ
ġ

ʥɮûвǽõӡⶼרΪ׼ء
ӢЦɮǰɮСĵؽĿ˹ȥɸһ
εͬʯסһ뿪ˡ

ɮǰһôۼĻ棡ֻ֮ʻ
˷ڻ֮Уʻӳ¸Եýޱȣ
ƫƫȫµĹؼλֶ;ʳڸ[ ϵԴۺ
] ˵ݡ±֮ȫ¶ӵջһ˫Ŀɮ
ϣֳǧ飬ĺҲܻĿС

ӢɮɵɵؿΣһЦɮʥɮΪβƷ
ȣֻǽſѽ

Ŷӷ𡭡ɮηѣɫΡ˵
ɫջŮ忴ûѾˣοǴ
ȡʳУ䵽ز

ߣɮǵÿ˽һѡӢţѿɮ
Уɮĸ첲ǰʥɮôһɣȻĻǽ
һƬ񲻰װ˷ˣ

ɮѾҵò֪Ǻˣʧȥ˷ӦҲɷ𷨡
̵ȵȱһзȥ
ӢڲӲεǿͷٴ
Ļθʱɮŵһûס㣬ֱֱصԱߣ
ݽ˸еԵ֮Сè㷢һεĽ
ŭȴϲؽɮ硫ҪԸ㻹Ҫѽ

ɮʧ룬һ˫Ӽ֡Ӣȴطס֣
סٴǰ죬ס˸ơŸƿʺɫ
¶˳ȻͦĽͷģ滹һ
ʳĲ

ʥɮƷӢɮߡɮԥһ
Ӣһˣ벻ʲô𣿶
ֻǳԶѣЩիֲǻȣҲƽ䣬ʥɮαض
أųƷ𷨾ĸɮʱͺһնµĺͯû
ȫ޴룬ȫĸָһ㶯һ£ǰիѡƽ䡭
㡭ڽ˿Уһһݵζڴݼ
ſɮҲǳԹöˣǴƱһ·С
Сҵ綼ϯҲûƷ˶صζȴ֪
ѱͷɢĴﵽ͸͸ģƷ
ʵ֩뾫ζȻһʳζͬ

һ¶ǣɮȻ˵ζⶫȷʵǷƷ
ٳһͺˡţѽԣôˣͿ
Ϳ

һԵӢͿ뷨ϽȰʥɮŲɡ
Щ˵űɮε顣ɮҪû뵽
εεŮ־ɲСѣ

һҲǳԣʮҲǳԡʥɮֺαΪأǺǡӢֿ
ʼɡʵɮҲЩԵģֻҪ
˸һɡӢһ˵룬ЩΪصͷֽ
ĸС



ӢƲ֮£ʱɮ˫顢ʹϰڷŵʳ
ﶼˣֻʣױĴȸмصϻڷһֻ
״㣬ֵķ·һŭںҶ֮ϡ

ɮӲ˲ͷϵĺ飬ֿʼԥˣϾ֪Ůȫ
Ϊ˽ܵڣҲԵĽԼôǰλ崿
ֻŮӾͻȫȫĳչԼǰԼǷ
һУɮȻûжԼΪеɮ֡

ʥɮһˣɡӢ΢Цţָ
סɮҡšҲʥɮ硫Ͱȫ
ѡϵʳ˼Ե˵ֻ˵ȫ
ɮ񾭡ȴɮȫ͵һ񱻶ҧһƵġ
תΣ۽˫ƺʮ૵Ĳס˵ʲ
ôҲתˡ

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ʳָ˰ڣ˼ٰꡣתɮǰü
ļʵšƳϡôˡ

ɮоӢԼǰ·ܰ˵궼
Ů棬æתû뵽Ӣ費٣һ
ȴѩ׵ˡμת˻ϲؽһʥɮ
硫㿴ΰ

ɮûۡʴӵĻ˻壬תһߣȲ
ӢҲΡ˫ıסüм䶼š黨Ƶģ
Ͱ͵žĿóǳĽźͻҡ

ʥɮȥأǺǺǡһֱԱ߹͵üҲ
ӯĲֱɮǰɮæתﻹһ
¼أҲ˹ĸ֩뾫ɮŰΧ[ ߣ
] ɮͬסĲӬһ޴ɶ޴ɱܣֻƵԭ
תȻ۾Ǳŵ֩뾫ɧѵ㣬
֩뾫ƺħĽƳϡʥɮѽ
ʲôѽҪѽ㿴ſ۾ѽ


ɮһת˺еķɿ³ȥ
˫ţɤӸߺܾ

ɮֽһۣǰʱ׻һ
Ƭˣԭ֪ʱεѾб
ŵ۰Ͼ͸̺ĳ㽿ȫչɮǰǷ·
üƷɵŮӫҫҲʵ⣬ǰһ
Ȼû֧ȴȻȻͦ鷿ɮԴҪ˶󣬶˸Ƕ
һ졸ʯ渲ſſϸСĺ飬ͬϴķڰ״ɹ
еĺӣҡ

Ǻǡʥɮ硫ոճεʱµĺۼء
ɨԼ壬ָڰڷŹʳλòסḧţ滹
ʳмɮˮĺۼʥɮ硫֪ôαÿ춼Ҫ
ϴȪġһΣΪʥɮµĺۼ
ԸҲϴء

⻰ҳ̶Ѿɮҵȫ֪Ӧȥ
شֻһ˫ֺʮصһӷ𡫡

Ӣ衢ü¼ŮӺӵסɮüһЦʥɮ
ôĽҪǲˣġеɮǴ
Ϊģô˼ȥһλŮأ֮ǰѾԹˣ
һҲûʲô˵Ůһɮε
ӽ

ɮŮźܿνߣʵѣü˵Ҳ
һֻðһᣬðɡӽ
ⶫеʪʪĸоһһ
˴ĵζڿһֱƮɢ­ǻɮı齥
ˣľԽٸеº֩뾫ǲһ
״ĺøС֪ղųµĵĳʱε˽֮ϣմ
İҺ

ʥɮ磬ūҺø˰վһ§סɮ
ỬɮĥšǰɮضϽɫ
ջ󣬵ȴˣֻ˫ֺʮߺصͷ㶡
ûоܾԼӳղ޲˹ɮϣ
׼ûа׷ѡʥɮ硫ӡҲԡʥ
ɮԵġ

ȿȡӢһԴζɮĹƣδɮ
ѽûˣαôżأʥɮ˲ɣ
ţݶɮ˽СûûģʥɮҪһ
ѽ

ɮæġġƶɮͻˡֵ
Ҳñˣƶɮطô

ӢЦѽʥɮǼءͳˣ˽ʳʥ
ɮð˵֣ٴδˣֻԸ
Ʈݵİ͸ɴȹ˽ҲƯһƬһλ
˶βͬðưɫĺ
һ

һֱƮɮǰۿʱȻһλˣλ˶
ϲûаڷʳһɫİ̬ǰ
һ͵ͼýʹƽȻ߸ֻ棬
˫·СҲͬһֶһ˽֩ͼӢһ
Ц͵úĽʰˮ֭Һɵġڳ
»ܻˮԼͿĨͼͣٿס
ʥɮɲһ㹤ɵӴҳ˲ռӣһҪһġ

ŶԭˡɮҲ̾ЩŮӵĻǷ࣬
ȻԹĺöʤѩһļδ
δšɮʮֺ棬ټϸղŷѾһŮۣٳЩƺ
ҲʲôⶫӲÿӼʺõȡʳ
ֲ˼ӢҪеΪѡӢȴֳɮеĿӣ
ʳָǰ˻ΣصһЦʥɮɲÿӻ
ԵӴ

ǡʲôɮֵʣ˿ûԼղŻ۾
ġ

Ӣ轿ĵЦţ̧ͷɮĵصȻǡʥ
ɮֱʳƷζء

ɮֺˣֲӣʱʱ΢΢ƫͷһ̣
¶ȵı顣֮ǰѾ𽥱֩뾫ͳȱڣ
ҲûмֺܾñתƺĬˡӢָͷ˹ɣ
нб̴Ͼð˿˿·˵еѩŮһ㣬
ؿɮӢʥɮɵʲôɣⶼ
ǽǵһƬѽ

ɮĬĬص˵ͷһһǰǺ˸
սȴȴĻ硣ɮһֱ˫ץס
ͷ˫·ĸϡŮŮ
ƶɮˡɮͰ͵˵ţͬʱͷû˵
ֻǱ۾˫סɮͷԼ塣

ɮͷ̵ļһɲǣ͵һ
ԽسһƺҲûô̹ˡɮ
ŷʺͷ¸ʼ˳ʱתһһϵ
ġļ˵ϸ彿ۣͷ֮˼ϸС
ͬʱƬƬɫ

մȾ֩뾫ĸζףټһϸ
ޱȵĴмʹɮ䡣ԽԽͣԽԽ
ܣŶʥɮŮһԾ۾
ؿţһ·ͬܣ֮д𣬺
οӢ裬˵ֻƴҡֱۣǼк
˵㣬ܲˡҰɮƵҪӢ
ʵҲʷǳˣϾһ㲻ε[ ϵ
Դۺ׷] ĵصȴ̽ɮȫȫʹ
ȫȫȥ

ɮǰøɸɾȥС֩ͼһ
ٴ´ɮһľ֮ʱ
ֱ̾ӽ˸߳氡һˣֱֳ
͵طֿ˹ΣԲΡΡƨƴ̧ȼһ˿
޵ɫ׼ɮĿ΢΢ſౣһ
ճҺ̵ĻѨ籡ɮһһ

дżζӿǿףܿɮоƽڷۺɫ
ֻһȣ̫Ѩϸߣһջ
ҡҡ׹ͱ©ʲôɡʲô棬
һ̶׵Ժ

Ůƶɮˣɮõͺһ˫쵽ǰ
⿪ɮ۵ťȣɽ˰Ҳû⿪ɴҲȥˣȥſ
̵ߣһֽ§ס̵ļһסһֻˮζŵĽ飬
һ˱סһ鷿ǵɫ°ͷ⡣ɮʮе
ͯڴִֺӺɢϳˢ̵٣
ʹԽʹعúϺӣһ˫§ɮĲ
ӣҲ߰޵Ťѽѽиͣ˫
ɮͷջĺ˫΢ţɮ沿ɮ
Ҳ·ʲô̿촽̵촽ʱֻС
һΣ·ȼһѻ𣬻ߴСͨ˴ԡ

ӢѾЧǽһ״ݻɮߵľ
ʱæŮʹ˸ɫλ֩뾫ͼˣȻͷ
Ļ׷һѳϰµ¶֮ǰϴι壬
ͶɮĻһȺݺĿȸɮֻǰ׻
һƬ鲨ˣʮǳлȦȦÿһλ
ôÿһҲ

ŮɮΧмţ˫۲ȫ¼ɮ
ʵʥɮɽôǺЦ
ӿڵ棿ǽôĶ鰡˵԰ɣʥɮ硫


𡭡桭Ȼɫ֮У桹
Ȼɮǽһ̨֮⡣һԻˣǰ
ر仯޴Ķɫļȫʧˣһ޼ʵ
֮ϣĿһֻεպͷƶ䡣߰߰ͻȻ
һׯӣȻжòܵɽ

ɮͻǹ̨֮ϣϽʩ
ʣоɽ

˵ɽȴһֱͣͲǰȴΪΣ

ɮ󾪣֧֧᲻֪˵ʲôãżһ䣺ӱִ
ԡ

ߣ֮ͽǺڣպڣôգ
Ļᣡƶ񲻷֣գң껹һ
ٴΪɫԣӣкʸȡ澭

ˡӽͣˡﰡɮᶼҪˣƴ
ͷˡԼʱ̧ͷһֻµ̨
תȫɮ֮ʱֱɵˣǹ
ǴŹ·֩뾫Ӣ裡

ǺǺǡɮ㻹ȡôӢ軺ͬʱ沿ֿ
ʼ˱仯üģһֱ¼ģֱ
̵ģ仯Ůòɮǰһλ
δòŮӣϸһȴ߸֩뾫Ϊơ

Ų̊˫һڣɫȹȥԳ
žӨ壬ϸ͵Ķ·һɫ֩ӡǡ
ɮǰӣ§סʥɮ㻹ɽô
ɮһƬ磬տ˵ˮ㷭ڸͣڣһǰ
ʲôƺʲôȻǸƻͨĶ߸ε

棬ʲô棿ŮǾҵķ氡ɮһ
Ƶģɮ۵ťȣ¶һϸƤ⡣Ů͵һˣһ
˫۷಻ϵӡɮ壬ĺ
οȫʳָϼĳָɮĵ׿һ
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ġ̫ˣŮһɮ治ʮгͯ
߹Ȼͬ죡ֳִ̬ɫޱĺ
úůһ㣬滹ЅdεĻ͹ǹͷɫ
̺ų⣬ͬɫ觡ԲԲľڹ⻬Ƥڣ
ëڶ͹ⷢ߸֩뾫֪եȡͲʳ˶
ҲƷȴδһˣ
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Ȼعһɮĸͷ
ͷСĵһ¹ͷ˴۵Ĳλһ㴼ޱȵԪζ˳ͷ
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Եȥ

㡫룬촽һ
ͷӹ״·ʼһ·ϸƷһֱŮ
ȣæҲ׷׼ȿֺҪƷɮζһʱ˿
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ŮȻĻǲҲģֻ÷׷ͣһ
죬Сʱ˻桫ŮҪΰ

ӢһӣǶģô£ʥɮ
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εŮϲ׷ɮʵƳϣȥأ˿
ĵطɶءɮһͷˮ֪˵ʲôֻΨΨŵ
ŵصŮǷԸƶɮҶ졭ӢصһЦˣ
ȥɡʥɮ- - - - Ӵ

Ӣô˵ˣŮϽӵɮȥɮ˵
棬Ųմؾһ㡸Ʈҡһֻͬ
СΧһȦ߸ߵӣ֮羭γɫ˿
һž޴мˮѴѹõʹȥӽ
档Դƽڵ֮ǰǴʢ֮֩뾫úܻͯƳ
ľҺζޣЧǳã⽨ɡ֩
ɮĻӰʮԪɮĹЧûע뺢ͯҺ
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ʥɮ߽óɾ𽽻ٱĴϲӡ㿴
·òðӢ§ɮεεбɮʵ

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Ӵɮ约ˣǺǺǡһЦתɮǰҲ
ϣ׵СһΣʳָɮǺͷϡ
һֱûӲ˿Цɮ㰡
Сʥɮأ㿴һߡ˵ʳָɮ
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ʥɮһ߷ӢЦô˵
ȴһ¹߸֩뾫ͬʱӶ˿ڶϣһ§ס
ɮ˿ս˽˶һȫԾˮУ
Ƭˮ



ŮˮУûκκ֮ǣ׷ſ˾ܻĿ֣
ʱ˶֮СӢ赱ʲõķɮǰһ
һ§ɮӵǣⶼӶ֮ŵؼ
һ˫ˮ򣬽Ӳͦӣҵ
ٲһɮ˱ġӢ豻ɮ˱ˬ
ͷ㷢İ裬ｿתʥɮʹ
ӢͷӢɢ˵㣬ɮͬ
ĸ鷿̵Ӥһ̰˱šȴһ
֭Һ˿Уɮȥһ㣬ʱƮ㡣ϲһ
һڵʳӢ簮ı飬֨֨ɮ
ǺǺǡôʥɮ˽ΪƵءһɡŶ
˽ˬԭӢ¹ӰɮԪƷʣ˻ط
Һ˿жأֻܹǿɮʺӪʡ

бɮʥɮ磬ΰ걳ô
˵ɮԼ覵ϣԼǶ֩뾫ж
һΰѩ׾ɮĺ󱳲ͣදɮֻоཡ
ֵʮŽضԼĺ󱳣лӲӲĶޢڱϻ
ȦȦдӲиĴޱ

¼ɮǰӢռˣһת⡣ˮ
һˮжһϣɮǸһ
ֱͦͦˮס¼ϲʤæιȥСֱסɮ
Ƥϸ۵ĴȣһСҲϸϸϴɾءء
˵ſ˫ŮӦ㽫Ǹǵ֮ﺬ˿Сͬʱ
ʻϸ䳤ͬһס˾ϵߣϸϸ
⻹ɨۣҪӡ

̫ƻˣһСʥɮ¼ˮ
Ļ֪ҪʲôҲˮУȴֻɮ͵
飬ͷŴϡ졭ʲôоƶɮ
Ҫ֮ȫ𵭽ɫĹâһŨޱȵζ
ɢˮ֮Ǹ¼ڿеdε͹Ҳ
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ӿֱӳ¼¼˴һ
ʼ̵ƷţͬʱϽ£ɹʱȴ
ЩӵϢһζ䵭ԽԽŨԽԽңζ·
ʵ壬Ӻһ·ӿع¼ʳ¼ΪʳΪ
ŮֻԼвͣԼڲȴ벻
ԼҲгܲסһ졣͵³ɮˮ棬ˮ߿
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Ρ

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šԼȥԡȿȡ

ߣ͵ߵĲ˶ԡġü˵ǱˮСš
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񣬴յԱߣס˾ͷϡѽ
ζȻͬһءţޱߵ㷢ſС콫񾥺˽
ȥһһɴޱȵζӿֻ¼˼룬
ܿҲˮָؿڴڴڵش

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ǵڡǸܲˣ

ӢǺЦͷųԼһ˫ͦϵɮָ
գصʥɮʥɮˡôǽáκһ
ֻԼҺء˽ˡ˵ɮǹ
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湻ɮľֻٲȥ˱Ǻͮͮ
ͷˡ

ʥɮͣһͣôӢɮɮͷϣȫ
֩뾫źÿһ߹һ̫Ըֹͣ˱ЩƵʣ
Ůƶɮкβ֮ô

ʥɮĶȥˣ߽öʥɮˣôʲô֮˽
˵ѽʥɮ˽һҲҪݼǰӢЦ
ιɮӡ˽ҪȥӪ˵ɮϻ
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ȴ˵ӢһɺãЦӯӯعó׻
ɮŤһڻһ⡣һ˿
һӤС˿Ʈ˽һֱζӢ߽˿Ļ
[ ϵԴۺ׷].Ӣ΢Цḧ˿룬·һƷ
Ȼıˣ˫Ϲĳָ˿붥ɿһ
һʮεĿڡ

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ܿ죬˿֭ҺӢɿ촽˿ʣ
һ֭չǷˡǸճӤҲһ
ʡվֽ˿ӵ֮⣬ȻɮϷ
ǵʥɮǱιˣԼҲԵ㶫ôһʥ
ɮʱŶǺǺǺǡһУ˿뱻˿
Ʈ˽ˮһſ

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ʥɮˡüŮҲ׷״Ӧˡ뿪ɮε
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ɮüһʱҸоõĲУжЩ
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ˮźСɮƤҵλһˮֵɮ
Ĵϣؽѽʥɮ硫߽õĿɶˣ
ôŮŮƶɮƶɮغѽŶ಻Ȱ

ɮɫ΢΢һ죬е˼ʣ˵ôƺأ

һ߳ԵºɮĴڲ͸ɹ룬һ
ЦԽ˶ӣءϣĻʥɮ
һСӡ

λ䣬λ֩뾫һ뻶Ц޳ɡⰡ
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ҪǽʲôŮŮʩ֮ģǽÿǲŶſ
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Բִ粨˰ɮؿתȦȦ꣬ͬʱ
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ĴԸϰ߲ôתġʲô˶
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СʲôѽʥɮʹǺǺǡ֩뾫
ǻϲ׷Цǰϣæɮĥȫ
˵

ɮŮֻСӡ

ǺǺǡŮһЦ
˵ЦصڶӢ̧ɮ°ͣЦȻʥɮ
Сӡ˽ɾŶһһָüŮ
ʥɮĶޡ檡

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ʥɮ硫ҵ׸磬ҵСĸζˡ۲
ת·ˮʺСһűסɮ졣ɮ˵
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ںҺһ㣬֨֨Ǻòҡ

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ɮİջҲһ˸߹һˣɮã״κ
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ء

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ʥɮ绹װɵءȻˡԪɲ˼亱е
üָɮûü
Ƣζ

ӢҲЦ߸ɶʥɮˡʥɮԸԸı
ǽùأ

ɮ붼ûæĻ״¡ȻҪɾ͵


ŮϲԽ§סɮֻһƬݺӢָһ㷢
ʱ쵽ˣæǵ˺ˡȱˡʱˣø
ʥɮ綴Ŷ

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ΧŲһȦȦƯ첲ֵĴϲ򣬶ȼˣԵʮϲ졣
ֻϸܿϲ϶֩εĻƣײһССͷ̨

ʥɮ㿴ⲻȫôӢ§ɮļʽ
ǶôˣҪʲôʽǡɡڿʼɮ
ǵˡ

ɮҲʮָˣԼĹԴʣðɡֻǲ֪λ޵һ
Сأ

Ӣͷɮļϣص˵ǺǺǡһһ
ǴϲӣȻǽ߸һʥɮ綴ˡʥɮ
һһȹ˽һҲٰ

ɮһͷˮ֪ôŮһšӢ迴Ի
Ůʹ˸ɫɡʱʥɮˡ

λ֩뾫ȫΧҪȡɮʮԪˣŮû
ôһŷ˷ܵ顣

ʥɮ硫żͺˡվ˵Ųɮ
ŮһôͼΪĬˣ˵һͬģӢֻҪһ
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ģһܵģ¹ɮæ˵ͷûϵ
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ɮزüָһת˿ս˽ɮȵصʹϥ
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ɮΪŻܣȴû뵽ص˿û˿ʵ
оӢһЦҲӶ˿ԼƮɮߣ
˵ñͬһ߶ȡӢһţ޳ѩ̳ɵ
ɮĿ貿סŽŴɮƨϷ˫ȼ䱥
͹Ľõסɮϸ߸Բ˶ͷ

ʥɮ硫ҪʼˡӴӢ۲ת
ȴְżĿⶢסɮ۾˵ߵɫĹâ
ֽȥ



ӳ˾޴ʯңһŤĺӰͶڶں컨ϣ
ЩӰѽѽ૵֮زŤתһ𣬹Ӱ߲
ͬȡ

˳źӰһ·ȥֻеӰӶ˶ߵ룬ǹ
ˮϷ˸ѿƵĽһγһ

ʥɮôǺǺǺǡĵŮֻ
ȫɮ˿ˮ棬˫Ⱥ˫۴߷ֿ
̡ŮſܵˮУ߸ѩ׷Ĵƨ
¶ˮ棬γһΡһβʹǵβ׵β͵ĩ
ſ˿ӣɮȺһ˫ֱ۴ָ⵽ϥǺϷβ׵
β͵ıƤ϶Ŵķۺɫһһ䶯ţ·
˱ɮ֫

¼ˮͷöɮĿſϸ
ϸͷͬһţʱɮҺ˱
Ϊ˰ĦͼԪʹôɮ侫˳衣ʱ
תƵľ֮Ҫôϸϸžջϵÿһ壬Ҫô
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𣬶ʱ֩뾫ǸԵիʮ־࣬ɮľڵ
һҲۻ࣬ɢǿҵԪζ

ϿֻӢü˫ֺ˫Ƚɮ壬ƺ
һǰһ󡸹ҡϡʵ϶ŮҲǱ˿ŵģɮ
еءüɮĺ󱳣ֻ鶥ļ֮²
ػԲȦšӢ豧ɮǰȵռǰɲλ
Ϊ֩뾫㻹˿ŮɮҪĵһʮı
ҲŨߡζһɣȻӢģ
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ɮ

ӢǲΡΡķ³֮İݿסɮӲ
ͦĴֳβСȵǰζƬͬһСý
мŪҺ߶ͿĨġ

ʥɮ硫ʱŶǿʼɣӢǺ
Цƨ΢΢̧[ ϵԴۺ׷] һḧɮӢӣһ
סľ޴׼Լ졣պϳһߵĴ΢΢ſ
ʹܴϸ̶ȵķ϶εҵİҺһˮߡͬʱ
һ˿ֱɮĶС

šˮֹסˡԡֻܿʥɮġǸ
æˡӢ˿ɮִֺĹͷסԼ
룬ֻҪһ㶯ɮȫȫ塣

ɮ۾ȫ׼ӭӲӢѨǿٵصһ
Ȼûע⵽ԼüƨɺҲ˳βͣλƵһ
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Դµ¼ҲңһСסɮľ
ţ

װʥɮ͡˽̥ǣΪɡ֮ɣߺ
ߺߡ桫Ӣ˵§ɮĲӣƨʹɾ
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պϵ˽ȥͬʱüĳβһ䣬󿪵βѿֻһ
±㽫ɮĹԴȥɮȫһȫ
֩뾫ǵٶԽ

ɮʱ󾪣һ¡ܿͷȻʲôҲ
ˣû޷ĸоһ궯ζ
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Ŀռ֮СеԼĹͷʪȵĤܵذţ
ȻƵʮֽȴֲȫס޷鶯

⡭ǽ롭Ůеĸоô˻졭ô
ôôһһ纣˰ĿͨɮӢ
ཻĲλӿɮйľ飬ҲԼͷ
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ֱûС⻹ˡ

ɮӢСѨڻһ׵ȣȻ
⻬ƤССąd͹ȫ⣬ͬʱɮϺ
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뾫޷ܵĴͬʱֲ˷ⱦ

㡭⡭еܲˡӿͨβ׵ܲ
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ҵûȥü۾޳ȳƵ
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ƨɻȴֺɵؼɾɮŽ˶һ
һӢѨС

Ӣ跴ɮ
ʮӷڽ߶ȫԼڣС
ڶˡɮʵ̫̫ȫ֮Ӣо
˹ӹ춥вʮӶɮ˵Ҳ·ͬ
ʮһɮһѨУеĤ̱
Եؿʼ˷ӦͬѪˮһ˾뵽ף˶
⹽ͷĵһɲǣӢĹſ쳤һ
εס˹ͷ

ɮ֮ͯȫûŮŵľ飬һν˽
ն鶯ѨﻹܵסӺзĴϢ
ʼһһĲһ

ǺǺǡƳϰҪôżɮȫºӢ
ûôˣоĶ¶Цͷ
üβ׵ɮ˵βͱƤеԣӡɮ沿
ٵ

Ӣֽ§ɮ壬ſϸָ۰ظβ
Ƥɮͷսʥɮū֪Ԫ
׸ūҡǡһ̰ɡҪô졭ţ𼱡Ժе
ǻᡭѡӲǽõġŶ
˵꣬۾СǰһűƤɮͬʱ
οɮܶ۵ñպɮ
侫ɮ˵Щʲôȫ˵Ĵʾ䣬Ű


üŮһֱɮŨӿ࣬ƴ߶
ڡڴӢҪʼեˣ˴󲿷ǵĸ
һЩһβ̻Ծɫӷۺʺɫβ
׵ڳʪճҺͬʱһһ¸ɮ֫壬
涼ܿβ׵ܷ䶯һɮ˫ȫ
̺βУεβҲɮ˫۴ֱָ粿һ·
ȫ˽ȥôһټǰ󶼱Ӣü§ţɮȫ
¶Ĳʣ޼˺ʧ֩뾫ǵɽ⺣֮У
֩뾫ǹ̶סȫáΪɮĵһ侫
ҪӢҪȫȫԼƿȡʮԪҺĽࡣ

ǡӢ輯ע⣬ȫΪ׼
Ƕô˽Ҫʼˡ

׼ˣŮ㿪ʼɣԤף㱥ʮԪ
ɾͽ֮壡

ӢǺЦţɮ˵ʥɮ硫ŶӦ
ʥɮ๫ˡ˵ĻǾҪʼֵ
ˡôǺǺǡ

ɮصط嵽˵ʲôĻ
Ҳʮڴ˷ܡӢЦ๫𼱣ΪͿʼ๫֮
¡Ϊһ죬λǿ׼ֻ๫õ
Ŷ

δ䣬Ӣ¸Ʒ˵ɫâͬʱӹ
ĸѿĸѿٵı䳤ϸһͱͬĸϸ
Ĵһ㡣ӢЦŴ߶ĸǼϸļһȫ
ɮ⹽ͷϵ֮ڡ

Ǹɮܵ˵Ĵ̼ˬ޷
Ƶ۶һ[ ߣ] һһۿ
Ҫ̲סˡӢ⻨ؿסȴ䲻
ֻڿкͼ尾

ǺǺǺǡ๫ǲѾȲأ
õɮʮԪΪ֮ˡӢ뵽ɮħ
Ǵ֮죬նøɵ
ȴԵԼЩħѵи߷
ȥհ˽ӲӲ֩뾫ʦͽ˵Ըȡ
ʤ뵽ˣ֣ߺߣ˵ܰԪ߸
еľɫ֮ڣҲʥɮضԲԣ

ɮβ׵ƴͷֻӢϿӢҲоʱˣ
üһ¶׹⣬ĸĸɮذ
˻ƶСĳ̶ȡʵϣӢӹЩⴥֿ˳
ֱӲǻȡԾ߽ͬɮ
档

ʮԪɣ˽ˣӢ轿߳һۻޱȵ
䶯ķȶȻǿһưҺӶ˽ϴķ϶
ͬʱüǵβ׵ҲزϵˮͷһڳŨ
ҺβͶѪɫƴ䶯ţɮŵ¼
εסϣͷֱӲֱ֮ڼҵسšɮ
ĿѾʧңоԼ嶼һ
ǻذûֹ׶ɵãҲޱ
ĵеľ˴ȫвλ籡Ʋɵ

Ӣŵɮ
һؿڸֳһðŽąd·ǿҵġ⡹
㼯ɮʮֻһ侫ǰ࣬ǰҲ֪侫ʱ
ôоȴҪСһ㡣ΪԼҪǰǧĵġ
ޡˣߣƴͼ򡹣ɶһɮô
̵סֻȫҲ·ϵĽɫâǵޣ
֮һɵɫҺд뾫ܣ¸
ľƶŴŵĳڳ˳ȥͬʱ֮ǰǿĴ
ɮȫһӿ

ۣѽ̣ģˣʮԪһ
кɮ⣬ǿǷͬСɡĳӢֻһǿ
ֱԼڡ⻹ܵģ֮ɮؿ
Ǹd·зۻֻĲؼ
רſаӢɮ·
պһӢϣ׺ݵع߽Ӣʹ
ѵɫɷףĺӻ۰Ƥðͬʱ
Գֵʹ

Ů㣡÷Ӣ費Ծɮȥ
㡣Ӣæҧǡ˽ӽա˽ֻҪ
ɮġ޳ɡ֮͡ˣԡͬɡ


ŮӢ˵æ㣬ƴɮ
ĴӢǿʹҧȫҲ߶ֿɮ
ԼϮͬʱϼӴ󹬾ȡҺȡֻȫ
ƶ˴۵Ϲ⣬ɮϵĽԣƺ֮Կ
شӢ裬ȫǱϾһƤϳһ
ѪۣԽԽԽԽܣؿڴǱǅdεӡƵð
̡

ȻӢʹ֣ɮȴĿ֮У
ȫ޷˼һƬһ㲥żеһ棺
ɳɮ˽䡢աк¡һը죬
һеһжһˡֻһͷ侫侫侫
ķɧ˫ħŮ׳Լȫ



ౣļµĽӢĹذסɮĹ
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СٶڸŲͣĵز涼ܿСƤ֮
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һƽԴԴϷ·ûоͷһһʣ
رӹڡӢһ汻ɮͷųţһ
ʮԪԴԴָױȵܣʹ
š

ְӢһ߽§ɮѼ
Ƶģһ߽˫üвϵӹһһһ̲
ͣɮĵɫҺЩҺһӴӹڣ
̾ͱ˽ȥɰʰ״̬Ȼ˳Ѫ
һ˿˿ȫϸʼڶĸ

ģӢоûôˣ֪ԪĹЧʼãԼ
Ϊ̫ҽɿвϲؿɮβ
Ƥסʥɮѽ㰡ô
öһͣ˼ûУҪû㣬ɵı߶
ɣǰˣ

Ӣô˵ŮһüϲҪ޳ɽˣ
ǣǿټӰѾ

̫ˣҲܳˣٰһѣ
ŮϲЦտӦţƴɮ˵Ҳǲ
õĺöο˸ΪҲ˲١

ѽһֻ֮Ӣ͵ͷ㷢
裬߰سһ䡣৵һ³˳βͺ
ȣ»ζţⲿϥ׶˵ɫ͸׿ʡţ
Ƥֱ׶̶ӣ׶ԽԽܿ
㳤˵Ķȡͬʱβ׵Ҳ˰͸ĵɫ׿ǣ
ֳǰһ·Ӣ˫
֮½ԲԸеλס

ЩȫֹһӢüԽԽչϱҲ
ôѿˡ˵ֻһ˫㿪ʼɫ
𽥱˽ɫСȡȡ衢ɡ˫ۡȫ
ƶ˽ɫЩ֮ϵļ׿Ҳ𽥱õ͸

ӢʹȥϵѪۺ˿ڷϣһ
ѩ񼡾ͱñ֮ǰҪϾɫĹ⡣е
ԽԽϷڣһǰȫͬ֫ٺ䵽
ֹܶһʹȫʧˣӢָֻⶼůģ
ȫÿһϸڻȸԾֱ˵̹[ ϵԴۺ׷].
˫ȼСڵ͸ɮǾ޴иȻǻ
ܵİ֮²ϳžҺӹҪˣ⻬СƤ
΢΢͹

Ӣ賤һ۾ϸһԼ
ʱһƵĿϲӿͷȫȫһ
ˣǡ֮ôֱͺ͸˽µ尡


ӢЦһЦ̺ɽƺڻζ
ü״æףأŮ޳ɽɣӴ˷죬ͨ󣡹
˵ҲЦЦаӵʱ䷽ŽֹͣӢͷɮ
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ʥɮ磬ˣ㻹λڵǱȥǵ
ءǺǺǡӢ˵ţ΢΢һɫ˿߰
סɮߵĸϡһʩչֻǅdӡ
Ĺâ۽һ㣬Ӣؿ롣Ӣ¶Ц˫
գ۷ð⣬ƺŹâԼ䡣Ȼ۽
ڵĹ߱ӢƤ˽ȥģӡϵĽһЩӢ
ؿ֩ƵͷҲһССądӡǣŽɫĹâ

ǺǺǡȻܲã˽ǰռʥɮԲԣš
ӢظԼ΢΢ɫâ壺ڣ˽Ѿͬʱӵ
ɵֻٻҲ˽Ķˣ
Цһ̵̧ͦβֻ࣡һ죬ɮɼ
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ֻǾ⹽ͷմ˲ճҺ塣

㣡ǲǸˣü͵ȲˣɮȻҲ
ˬܱȵӢ뿪ɮ壬æ
βһ˦ɮͷתǰһںסɮƴ䶯ߪ
סĽ˿ԶϿɮԪҺٴͬȪ㼤

ζֱļȥˣü̾һӢĳβ
ɮԴ˽ȥɮǰе˻
֮Уѳޱߵ԰֮УԴ˵Ǻ⡣

Ӣɮˮϣһ˫ȽˮСЦ
һ֮ü㻹ǵŵء˵һָһ
ɮǰγһĤdӡǷĹâüӦһ
תӢ֮ǰλ׼ţſѼŵε֭Ѩ
ڣڱβĩ˺ס˶ϣٽβͷɿһ顢ѩ͵һ
ɮ̬ڷİҺһһüص֮
Уȫü壬ӹ˷Ӧһ߱䳤һſӣ
εס˹ͷӹҲĸⴥ

Ŷ⣡ġ͡ҪˣʮԪ
üӹϣ˲˸߳ȫƷ⣬
϶ȫüˬ˼㣬ֹһ
Ťţһ˫޳ȽסɮκҪ嶼Լ
Ѩһ㡣ɮղű˰죬ֳͨкˣæץһ
ƺһʹҺҲ֪Լжк
á

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ȣҲ̬Ӣͬĵɫ͸׿ʣħ
ת˽֮塣ȫƲûӢǰȫɽɫ
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һý㡭ѡʥɮġͷҲøü
ӢЦŵͷԼβ͡ü̻ζβɮԴ
ȥһͨβ׵ԴԴϵӿڣ
Һ˫صõ˼㣬де춯ءһԵ
Ӣ΢Цü̬ͬʱḧԼѩ׵ĶƤͨ
Ȼɮ˿ȡΪ֮㡣

ֹһӢüˣָһγɮü֮
ĤÅdӡǷųĹâֱüϡüѳɽ֮壬
Ҳ޷˺ȫ[ ߣ
].ӺüؿҲһССĽɫdӡǡ

˺ˣ϶Ҳ̫̰ˣֵ¶ˡüɮ
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ΥŮּ⣬ֻδɮ壬Ӣ
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㡫ɮľҺడôö䲻أü˵Цţ
βһ˦ĩסɮľţһɴ˳β
׵ӿڣˬһӢָüһֻ飬
طЦɲô룬ʮӶû
ǵܶڶﰡǺǡ

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أŮЦʮӵľҺֻ߽
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ţȫʧ¼м䣬Ψһ¶
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ڣٴӱ¼ĸⴥĽסȥӿ
ӹ̥ǳɾͽ֮塣

֪ʱ䵽˰һСҲ޳̫ҽ
ɣŮɮ塣ɮȴֱͬһͷһ㣬ȥ
뵡ɽǹӢŮǶлŮ
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һΰɣ

㣬ʥɮô㿴ҪһΣλû
أ۰Ͱ͵ĻɮƸ깲ɽһӢȴ
Ѿͷ޳ɽ֮˻ô̰졫ʥɮ๫Ǯôۺֲˣ
ԺеĻᡣʣµĳŶǻдء
˶٣ߵɮߣסɰͦصĴֳ
ظɮպؿڣЦ๫͵ɡ
쿪ʼǽÿһλ๫찮๫öԣ˵
ô

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ӢЦʥɮģҲ֪Ҫйòȫ
ġΪͰȫͷüȡ

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ߣԲִ󣬺ϸֳӢһЦūʥɮ
๫ɡ˵סɮ˫§ס
Ĳӣţǳβһβſһ
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ӣ̫ˣŶţɮӢβ׵ʵ
оѨʱ̫һȻѨôʪ󣬵ǿ¶
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Һһ磬ȫӢβ׵

ӢȻҲʮԪޱ߿УȴûнҺ
ȫβĩѿڵĺ档žҺԽԽ࣬βҲ
һҰβľ䶯ཹཱུˮ

Ӣòˣؽһ˿סɮβ
ͳ˾üæ򿪺ǣӢһβһΣ
ĩ˵ĿСֻҰԽԽСľҺȫ
ע˺С

šǣź๫ҿȣֻ
βͣСѨ˭͵ԣҿɾӢ軰δ䣬
Ůһ׷ɮȣĶ죬һ
ǿɰСɮ༸ŮҲ޿κΣɮ졢ͷ
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ʲһ𣬳ޱȡ

ֹ֪˶ãɮʮĴڱ֩뾫ѹ˸ɾȫ
ע˾СɮҲȫй˳ʱоظˮ
شζŸղױȵĿܣ֩뾫
һ𣬹±ϺۡӢʹ˸־ķ
ɮԪʲִյü졭¼ȥץһ
ŮʮʮûġüȻ
˼ЦŵͷӦˡ

㣬ȻǶѾǽ֮ˣͱ춼סⶴ˰ɣ
ʱҲɽססɽϷ羰ãһصҲ
ء¼

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ð죬СɽԷʥɮ๫ɽסȥ

Ů׷ֽкãӢֵЪϢˡʼÿһ
ʥɮ๫ԲŮһǽҲ޻Ůһв
һЪϢˡɮ˶ſӢ۵ϣӢ᲻
ֳִ̬ӣһֽСɮòô
ԼѨڲȴǰ鶯ֻС
ȫʵǸУ˾ôɽӣ˯ȥˡ

ɮӢкһڶ糿Ժ˫һ
ֵĽȫˣֻʣһʯڵĴϡǳ
һ켤ֵĳĶԱȡ

һȫйϣҲһƽ
Ľ׶ΡɮҲףһ˯ָˣǻ޵ĳ
̿ʼһת

ӷҡôɮĻƣ֪޷صĴ
Ѿɣڡȵȸӿռͷ
۽ǻʵСֹΪʲôΪʲôذΪ
ʲô㡭ɴˣ

أȴˣһ˽ɮȻ֪
Լ˲ϵŮ֮һʱߺ죬
ͷҿֻԼĬĬᡣ

ȥɫѣȫ·һΣ˸ۣ
̷ŵһԵĲ輸ϣЦʥɮϢĿɺãˡ

ɮûһǲȥԼԪŮ˵Ҳ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôáﲻ֪ɮʲôһЦ
ɮߣһִļϣ״յɮԱߣ˵ɢ
Ʈɮıǻ

쵽ءʥɮ˯㣬Ǵ㡣ֻ˵ʥɮʲô
ʱ˾ϴòͣñķȥͬ
һת

ɮӢ˵ģ쿪ʼ߸ÿ쵥Բ
ˣһλؾӢ衣һڣ˵ѹȷʵģ
еᵽŮŵޱ߿Ҳ㲻٣οǸ
еĴпܾڵǰȥһε𽵹ôܲһ
˿ڴأɮڰĨ˰ᣬС˵óȥɡҡû
θڡ

ѽʥɮ磬㲻Էأɮαģ
вЦʹյֶΣɮһֱ۲סĥ
˵ˣʥɮ磬ҲġʥɮȱΪ
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˵˵ɮȰĻһЩôȳԱ˵
ɡ˵ţһҧ˵ðɡ

ҵĺʥɮ˻ˣͷһγɮûӦ
࣡һɮһڡɮһ𣬻ûü˵ʲô
ȻһЦȡϴƷɮ޿κΣֻķ
ϸϴˣȡãɮθڣȥóԵĳ˼
㲻ˡ

˵ˣʥɮ;ȥ㷿߰ɡ
ʰ˲о֣˵űɮɮĲȥȥģ
ϵȴٱ޷ͬʱԽ鱧
һ˿ڴֻðư͵ɮȫ
ֱڵĶȥ



һֱɮ쵽һɫʯǰͼһڣԶˡ
΢΢һЦ桭ûнٻǲܽȥģ
ԣʥɮԼȥɡѾ˺ܾء

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һͦĶڶֻеɫĹʮֻɬ
ȴˮɮϸһһʯ··߶
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ɮ˲ӱоǰһЩ߼ʯ·
ͷһƽ̨ƽ̨һܴĸ̨һſıǵ״
Ǹ߸ϣʮֿһž޴ĴŽɫĴ
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Ŀƽ̨ȴŵáһԭڡ䶯ľһ
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šɮĽƺˡߡӴϴϺѹ
ĺɮһȴӢֻ˪Ŷ
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ȴ̺޷ֿĿɮ˫ȲͣʹƵģһһʯ
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ɮ˲ŷš󴲡Ļȫͷݳɵģƽ̨
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ȣʮű쵻Ƥơ

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˭ۼ˼ƣϸߣֲҲ𻰣ֻΨΨŵŵش

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һЦšɮ˱Ȼ򣿵ӲС

ӢĻƺ̺ħһɮĽŸһֱܵԹ϶˫ϥ
һعȥ˵һ

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ϵԴۺ׷] ֱŲȻȥ
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ֳͬ۵ߴ˳ɮ˫סߴС
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ص׵˿˲֮ѹֿƽء

Ӣɮˣ΢΢˶һаȵЦݡɮƿ
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Σȷȷʵʵ˵ģӢҲؼǵã뵽Լй
֮ףһ㣬Сĵʣô

Ӣ΢΢һЦȴҲʲôٶƤʵصխСΧͶС
ַ·һ㿪ʼ䶯ʱ㻯Ϊϸϸīɫһ
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